Farmer Stories

Farmer-Led Trials Program Spotlight: Oxbow Farm and Conservation Center

Investigating Seeding Rate of Cover Crops for Biomass and Nutrient Content

Written by Mary Hathaway, OFRF’s Research & Education Program Manager, and Anthony Reyes, FLT Program participant

Anthony Reyes, FLT Program Participant. Photo credit Washington Soil Health Initiative, https://washingtonsoilhealthinitiative.com/2025/02/soil-health-ambassador-anthony-reyes-cover-crops/

Oxbow Farm & Conservation Center is a nonprofit farm in the floodplains of Snoqualmie Valley, WA. Anthony Reyes, the Agricultural Program Manager, manages 81 acres of certified organic land by experimenting and trialing climate adaptive and resilient agricultural practices. Along with his team, he works to reconcile our expanding human needs and the health of our ecosystem through sustainable agriculture, thoughtful management of our forests, ecological restoration, and education.

Oxbow Farm cultivates a variety of different crops well suited to the Snoqualmie Valley floodplain, and maintains a crop rotation to allow the soil to recover and regenerate. Anthony strategically removes fields from production each year and leaves them fallowed in cover crop to help protect the watershed, build up nutrients, and manage weeds, pests, and diseases.

Finding a Cover Crop that Works

Anthony was interested in understanding how to find a cover crop that would meet the needs of the farm – managing climatic challenges, erosion, and weed pressure. Ideally, anything that would be planted would help add biomass and could withstand drought conditions. Manipulating the seeding rate of the cover crops had been one way that the farm had considered better coverage of the soil, and Anthony was curious if the recommended seeding rate was the right density for their soil.

Farm Trial Plan

A portion of the cover cropped trial field.

With technical support from OFRF, Anthony is investigating the impact of seeding rate on biomass and nutrient content for German Foxtail, Pearl Millet, and Sudex cover crops. He will plant single varieties at two different seeding rates: the recommended rate and 25% above the recommended drilling rate.

The trial was arranged in  a randomized complete block design, with 24 rows, each 100’ x 10’ wide, with 1’ pathways and borders on outside rows. Each of the 4 replications contained  6 plots (3 varieties at 2 different seeding rates), for a total of 24 plots.

Measurements were taken from a random 3×3’ quadrat from each plot, including a biomass and leaf tissue sample. These samples were sent to Ward Lab for analysis of biomass, nutrient content, dry matter, and C:N ratio of the crop matter.

Trial updates

The quadrat samples were taken in September and lab results were returned in late October. The OFRF team is now reviewing the data with Anthony, for a full report on how the trial went and findings from the data.

Trial fields at Oxbow Farm and Conservation Center

“I have long been interested in conducting and furthering our on-farm research, having worked on and set up many trials throughout my career. The Farmer-Led Trial Program goes beyond and centers the experience and voice of farmers by identifying us as the content experts and by playing a highly supportive and facilitative role in creating sound research from our identified goals. I have greatly valued the time and care given by OFRF staff and am so appreciative of this program.” 

– Anthony Reyes, Oxbow Farm and Conservation Center

An overhead drone shot of Oxbow Farm and Conservation Center

This is part of a series of blogs highlighting farmers who are participating in OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trials program. Farmers receive technical support to address their production challenges through structured on-farm trials. To learn more about OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trials Program, visit our website page at https://ofrf.org/research/farmer-led-research-trials/ 

To learn more about Oxbow Farm and Conservation Center, visit their website at https://www.oxbow.org/ 

By |2025-12-03T20:26:34-05:00December 2nd, 2025|Farmer Stories, FLT Highlight, News|

Farmer-Led Trials Program Spotlight: The Woven Trifecta

Testing the Impact of Anaerobic Ferments on Crop Health

Written by Mary Hathaway, OFRF’s Research & Education Program Manager, and Samantha Otto, FLT Program participant

Samantha Otto is the founder and farmer of The Woven Trifecta, a 10-acre farm in western Michigan. Currently in transition to organic, the farm focuses on diversified vegetables for a CSA, local farmers market, as well as farm-to-school sales throughout the school year. Samantha raises Jacob sheep for fiber as well as assorted poultry for meat and eggs. The livestock is rotationally grazed on just over 3 acres of pasture, with 2 acres of no-till beds in production.

Samantha has a decade of hands-on farming experience and is a graduate of Michigan State University’s Agricultural Technology program. Since she started the farm, her primary focus has been on cultivating no-till organic vegetables and cut flowers. But as a curious farmer, she is continuously exploring innovative approaches to sustainable agriculture. Last year, as a participant in the Midwest GRIT program, she began integrating grains into her system, and  she has also recently incorporated livestock into her rotations to create a closed-loop system to help improve soil fertility.

From Waste Product to Resources: Building Fertility and Reducing Reliance in Off-Farm Inputs

One of the main goals of The Woven Trifecta is to reduce reliance on off-farm inputs, and to transform the farm waste products into a resource. Samantha has experimented with different anaerobic fermentation, and was interested in scaling up and fine-tuning its use as a soil amendment. She is particularly interested in incorporating waste from her livestock and compost into anaerobic ferments to improve soil fertility and plant health.

With the help of OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trial (FLT) Program, Samantha hopes to understand how anaerobic ferments impact the health of her crops. When considering which vegetable to test, the team landed on artichokes – a promising crop that her CSA members love and that has yielded well in past seasons. As a long-season vegetable with a short harvest window, the Tavor Artichoke was an ideal crop to trial.

Farm Trial Plan

To answer Samantha’s question, ‘Does an anaerobic compost tea impact yield or plant nutrition in artichokes?,’ she will weigh all harvested artichokes from each plot. Marketable artichokes will be weighed and counted separately. In addition to weights, leaf tissue samples will be collected prior to flowering stalk emergence. 10 representative samples will be taken from each plot, with one leaf collected per plant.

There are two treatments in the trial: a control with no ferment spray, and the anaerobic ferment foliar drench. Samantha will plant in 8 plots to provide sufficient replication. The trial is in a 30′ x 90′ space, in 3′ wide no-till beds, with each row containing 10 plants spaced 36’ apart. Buffer plots will be added on each side, planted with sunflowers.

plot map for on-farm trial at Woven Trifecta Farm

The recipe for the anaerobic fermentation is 60/40 with vegetation scraps and rabbit manure. Samantha brews a fresh batch every two weeks, beginning in early June and applies the fermented drench application biweekly.  A 5-gallon bucket will be suitable for each batch.

Recipe for Anaerobic Fermentation Fertilizer

Using 5-gallon buckets, mix: 

  • 60% vegetation scraps from on-farm and/or compost club program 
  • 40% manure from our rabbits.  
  • 4 cups of soil. 

These will be well mixed, with scraps being chopped into small pieces, and will fill about 3/4 of the 5-gallon bucket.  This mix will then be submerged in water (from well), covered with a lid and stored in the pump shed. The bucket will be fitted with a fermentation lid with spout to release any built-up gases over the course of the fermentation process. 

Ferment will be checked at 7, 14, and 21 days; ready to use at  21 days. Solids are then strained, and the liquid is bottled for use.  

Application: 1 part recipe to 20 parts water every 14 days, and apply it as a soil drench via backpack sprayer.

Samantha is excited to see how the ferment impacts the health and yield of her plants. The process of testing her application of the anaerobic ferment is something she hopes can impact her farm system, and possibly provide sustainable answers for other small farms like The Woven Trifecta.

Sunset over a crop field at The Woven Trifecta

“Working with OFRF has been an amazing opportunity for our farm! Closing the loop in our production is a long-term goal of ours, and this project has provided the opportunity to take the time to explore a potential process for making that happen. It has been especially delightful to work with OFRF on creating the foundation of our project, making a once-intimidating idea very fun and feasible to trial! It has been a thrill to find on-farm solutions that support both our livestock and vegetable production. While we are a ways away from harvest, our on-farm ferment is visually showing benefits in our test plot. I look forward to collecting further data as the season progresses! This data will help us make decisions on how to incorporate ferments in our wider production in the future so that we can continue to grow beautiful, healthy, thriving vegetables for our community.

– Samantha Otto, The Woven Trifecta

One of the livestock that Samantha integrates into her crop rotations

This is part of a series of blogs highlighting farmers who are participating in OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trials program. Farmers receive technical support to address their production challenges through structured on-farm trials. To learn more about OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trials Program, visit our website page at https://ofrf.org/research/farmer-led-research-trials/ 

To learn more about The Woven Trifecta, visit their website at https://thewoventrifecta.com/

By |2025-10-06T10:50:51-04:00September 2nd, 2025|Farmer Stories, FLT Highlight, News|

Farmer-Led Trials Program Spotlight: Parker Farms

Managing Moisture in Organic Tomatoes on an Urban Farm

Written by Mary Hathaway, OFRF’s Research & Education Program Manager, and Markisha Parker, FLT Program participant

Parker Farms, located in Warren, Ohio, is a small farm with a big heart, committed to serving their community with sustainable, urban agriculture. The farm provides fresh, locally grown produce through wholesale partnerships with food banks and community programs, supporting local food security. Markisha Parker, owner and founder, specializes in sustainable urban farming and organic production and is in her second year of transitioning to certified organic (a process that typically takes three years). With a background in urban agriculture, education, and research, she offers hands-on experience and community education on soil management, crop rotation, and organic pest control.

Her urban farm spans multiple sites totaling approximately one acre with areas dedicated to cultivating native plants, vegetables, and fruits, allowing Parker Farms to grow their impact and bridge the gap between urban gardening and farming. Markisha’s primary crop is tomatoes, but the farm’s mission extends much further: to empower others in agriculture by offering resources and support to help gardeners build successful commercial farming enterprises. While Markisha has done field trials in the past, she was looking for an opportunity to have support in improving her processes and systems on the farm. After this trial, Parker Farms hopes to integrate educational elements by inviting local farmers, aspiring growers, and community members to observe and learn from their research.

Puddling Problems: Managing Moisture in Tomatoes

With limited space in an urban environment, Parker Farms wants to improve their yield and systems in the area that they have. This means making every square foot count. In previous seasons, Markisha had issues with excess moisture and puddling in the fields. One of her biggest challenges was in her most valuable crop: tomatoes. Episodes of excess rain left much of her crop with splitting or blight.

In order to address these issues, she wanted to trial different materials that were readily available as a mulch material to help her tomatoes get to market. In her area, Markisha knew that woodchips, grass clippings, and straw were readily available. So she asked: does a mulching material help mitigate soil moisture for greater tomato yield?

Farm Trial Plan

With technical support from OFRF, Markisha has set up a trial to compare how straw, grass clippings, or woodchips, impact the yield and marketability of slicer tomatoes, and compare it to a control group with no mulch. The design of the trial includes 4 treatments and 4 replications, in a 16-plot layout. Each plot will have 5 tomato plants.

Trial updates

The tomatoes were transplanted on May 22nd, and the mulch types were laid down just after transplanting. The mulch varieties of aged wood chips, straw from a neighboring farm, and fresh grass clippings from areas around her farm, were applied at an approximate 2” depth. The control plot had no mulch added, and was left as bare soil. An initial harvest is expected at the beginning of August. For data collection, Markisha will take both the total weight of tomatoes and the marketable weight of tomatoes. These measurements will help the farm understand if the different mulching materials impact yield, and especially the marketable yield of tomatoes that don’t have damage related to uneven moisture.

Stay tuned for trial updates and a final report at the end of the season!

Farmer-researcher Markisha Parker

“Participating in the Farmer Led Trials has given me the structure and support to test practices that could improve both the health of my crops and the sustainability of my urban plots.”

– Markisha Parker, Parker Farms

Parker Farms.

This is part of a series of blogs highlighting farmers who are participating in OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trials program. Farmers receive technical support to address their production challenges through structured on-farm trials. To learn more about OFRF Farmer-Led Trials Program, visit our website page at https://ofrf.org/research/farmer-led-research-trials/ 

By |2025-07-28T16:50:44-04:00July 28th, 2025|Farmer Stories, FLT Highlight, News|

Farmer-Led Trials Program Spotlight: Ledoux Grange

Can teff handle high winds? This on-farm trial aims to find out.

Written by Mary Hathaway, OFRF’s Research & Education Program Manager

Ledoux Grange, situated at 7,400 feet in Mora, New Mexico, is an organic-certified, 34-acre operation focused on regenerative agriculture. Farmer Kristin Swoszowski-Tran has been cultivating Lilium species (a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, including lilies) and hybrids  – since the 1990s, registering novel cultivars with the Royal Horticultural Society in Great Britain. As a member of the Southwest Grain Collaborative, Ledoux Grange also specializes in growing drought-tolerant, high-altitude pulses, legumes, grains, and cover crops, and is committed to bringing culturally rich, locally-grown produce to their community.

Testing Teff for Lodging Resistance

One of the grains that Ledoux Grange grows is Teff, an annual grass, a species of lovegrass native to Ethiopia, where it first originated in the Ethiopian Highlands. It was one of the earliest plants to be domesticated and is one of the most important staple crops in Ethiopia. Ledoux Grange is currently testing 14 teff accessions rated for their lodging resistance in its characteristically windy location. Teff’s versatility as human food, livestock fodder, and a drought-tolerant cover crop suited for high altitudes makes it a promising addition to their operation. The farm owner, Kristin, is enthusiastic about experimenting with various accessions, drawing inspiration from past successes with teff in the area. She has a broader interest in lovegrass species and is eager to observe their growth, hoping to identify types that will flourish and resist lodging in her environment.

Terminology Touch Point

ACCESSION: a distinct sample of germplasm representing a cultivar, breeding line, or a wild or cultivated population, maintained in a genebank for conservation and use. Its genetic stability is optimally preserved through careful monitoring and multiplication.

Source: GGCE

On-Farm Trial Plan

The plot layout includes 12 accessions from a western regional station, all of Ethiopian origin, alongside two commercially available varieties: ‘Bolorosso’ from Experimental Farm Network and teff from Great Basin Seeds. The experiment includes four replications, and is laid out in the field as four blocks border rows on each end. Each packet contains 200 seeds, with 50 seeds per plot, weighed out for accuracy. Rows will be one meter long, with seeds distributed evenly within each plot area. Planting is scheduled for late June, following thorough bed preparation.

Trial Evaluation Metrics

Data collection will be comprehensive, focusing on key metrics such as days to emergence, vigor, time to flowering, time to maturity, tillering, height, and lodging. Grain yield and seed color will also be recorded. Vigor will be assessed using either GRIN standards or a custom scale. Lodging will be rated on a 1-5 scale. To assess the tillering, she will record the number of tillers on 10 plants per plot and calculate the average. Grain yield will be determined by weighing the collected seeds. Seed color will be evaluated with a pantone scale.

Plot Map

Looking Ahead

The evaluation of these teff accessions will help Kristin identify promising teff accessions, and will facilitate seed increases for subsequent on-farm research at Ledoux Grange. Looking to the future, Kristin aims to address key challenges for this specific environment, like lodging prevention and optimal timing for growth relative to the monsoon season. Ultimately, Ledoux Grange hopes to expand crop diversity in the region, provide the community with nutrient-rich food options, and create new market opportunities.

Farmer-researcher Kristin Swoszowski-Tran

“I believe that it is crucial to conduct trials in diverse agricultural ecotypes so that we can perpetuate and ensure suitable, local production to idiosyncratic conditions. It is an honor and privilege to work with OFRF staff members, Mary and Heather, to organize this trial. They’ve made an easy and seamless process to plan the implementation. My hope is that we can identify drought-tolerant candidates that can withstand our windy conditions here at this elevation. I’m eager to see what this trial produces!”

– Kristin Swoszowski-Tran, Ledoux Grange

Teff trial layout.

Stay tuned:

This is part of a series of blogs highlighting farmers who are participating in OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trials program. Farmers receive technical support to address their production challenges through structured on-farm trials. To learn more about OFRF Farmer-Led Trials Program, visit our website page at https://ofrf.org/research/farmer-led-research-trials/ 

To learn more about Ledoux Grange visit https://www.facebook.com/ledouxgrange 

By |2025-11-20T16:12:35-05:00July 1st, 2025|Farmer Stories, FLT Highlight, News|

Farmer-Led Trials Program Spotlight: Farmacea

Farmacea Strawberry Trial Explores Sustainable Mulching

Written by Mary Hathaway, OFRF’s Research & Education Program Manager

In the heart of Munith, Michigan, Farmacea is undertaking an exciting experiment to help enhance their farm systems and design. Run by Mike Lucas and Rollin Baker, the farm’s 31 acres had previously been dedicated to conventional corn production for many decades. Over the past two years, Mike and Rollin have been diligently working to convert about 2 acres into arable, quality land by incorporating leaf mold and other organic materials. As they work to transition their land to certified organic, they are excited and energized to grow healthy, sustainable fruits and vegetables for their community. Mike and Rollin are committed to bringing the land back to life and hope to honor the tradition of Food as First Medicine.

The Strawberry Trial: Plastic vs. Clover

On-farm research trial at Farmacea comparing clover living mulch with conventional plastic mulch in organic strawberry crops.Farmacea’s project is a strawberry trial comparing traditional plastic mulch to a living mulch of white Dutch clover. Their research question is simple but will help Farmacea determine which strawberry planting system will work best for them in the coming years: “Does a living clover mulch produce higher strawberry yields than a plastic mulch?”.

To answer this, they’ve set up six beds. Three beds use the conventional plastic mulch, while the other three are planted with New Zealand White Clover (Trifolium repens) to serve as a living mulch. Both sets of beds include a mix of strawberry cultivars: Earliglow, Chandler, Allstar, and San Andreas, ensuring consistency in strawberry varieties across the trial.

Careful initial planning was essential, focusing on a consistent number and mix of strawberry plants in each bed. Mike and Rollin standardized the beds and timed clover planting, which faced weather-related delays and farm facility damage. Additionally, deer intrusions necessitated the construction of higher fences to protect the crops.

What They’re Measuring

Farmacea will be tracking several key metrics to determine the success of each mulching method:

  • Yield: Weight of harvested berries, percent marketable yield, and pint counts.
  • Brix: A measure of sugar content in the berries.
  • Weed Pressure: Observations and frequency of weeding interventions.
  • Photo Documentation: Keeping a visual record of the trial’s progress.
  • Soil Testing: Collecting samples to analyze soil health.

Data is being collected consistently over the season, with harvests twice weekly. They plan to document everything from the number of pints of berries to the weight of both marketable and unmarketable yields. Brix levels are being measured to gauge the sweetness of the berries and will ideally be taken at three intervals during the strawberry season.

Why This Matters

Farmacea’s trial is about more than just growing strawberries. It’s about finding sustainable options for weed suppression and improving soil health through practices like cover cropping. They are also interested in decreasing their reliance on nonrenewable resources and preventing microplastic contamination in their soil. Implementing a living mulch strategy is intended to lessen the need for manual weeding, enhance soil structure, and foster an environment that naturally inhibits weeds.

“For too long, the bulk of attention, funding, and resources in the agricultural research world have gone toward so-called ‘conventional’ farming methods. As a result, advances in organic farming practices have stalled and many today consider it an inefficient, outdated, and impractical way to produce food. We couldn’t disagree more. We see participating in a research trial on organic farming to be an important step in turning this tide, and hope that it will lead to better understanding and acceptance of these essential practices.”

– Rollin & Mike, Farmacea

Looking Ahead

As the trial progresses, Farmacea will continue to monitor and collect data. Soil tests will be conducted, and observations on weed pressure will be recorded. At the end of the trial, they will analyze the results to determine which mulching method provides the best yields, berry quality, and weed control.

This trial at Farmacea is a perfect example of how farmer-led research can lead to valuable insights and sustainable agricultural practices. By sharing their findings, Farmacea contributes to a broader community of farmers and researchers working towards a healthier, more resilient food system.

Stay tuned:

  • Follow Farmacea on Instagram @farma.cea to see photos and updates as Farmacea’s strawberry trial unfolds!
  • Check back here for future blog posts on the trial’s progress.

This story is part of a series profiling farmers who are taking part in OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trials (FLT) program. Farmers receive technical support from OFRF to address their challenges through structured on-farm trials. To learn more about OFRF Farmer-Led Trials Program, visit our website page at https://ofrf.org/research/farmer-led-research-trials/

By |2025-06-11T22:23:04-04:00May 29th, 2025|Farmer Stories, FLT Highlight, News|

Real Talk on EQIP: One Organic Farm’s Journey Through Federal Funding

The Story of Three Feathers Farm

(Versión en español a continuación / Spanish version below)

By Jazea Kalea Smith, OFRF Fall 2024 Policy and Communications Intern, and OFRF staff

OFRF is currently working to increase farmer and community awareness of the federal funding opportunities available to organic and transitioning farms. As part of our work with the West/Southwest region of the USDA’s Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP), we’re spotlighting the experience of one farm—Three Feathers Farm in California—that received funding and support through the Natural Resource Conservation Service’s Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)

Their story offers a transparent look at what it’s really like to work with NRCS: the benefits, the obstacles, and the lessons they’ve learned. We hope other farmers can use their experience to navigate the process of applying for and implementing EQIP contracts more easily.

Meet Three Feathers Farm

Organic farmer, Héktor Calderón-Victoria, crouches in field to inspect irrigation and soil at Three Feathers Farm in California.Three Feathers Farm is a small, BIPOC-led organic farm located on four-and-a-half acres in Morgan Hill, California, a mere twenty minutes south of San Jose, on the ancestral lands of the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe.

Founded by Héktor Calderón-Victoria and Dilip Sharma in 2022, the farm grows a mix of modern and traditional culturally relevant crops such as corn, pepper, beans, squash, onions, lettuce, radishes, tomatoes, flowers, culinary herbs, basil, and cucumbers. Their mission is to steward the land while providing food that serves and reflects the diverse communities that came before, and the ones that surround them now.

“I think for us, farming is not just a place for growing food, but a place where community comes together,” says Héktor. “It’s where people can bring different mindsets and lifestyles and economic backgrounds. Our mission is that we want to be able to be as diverse as our soil and our crops that we grow.”

In 2023, after a year of preparation—cleaning, designing, sourcing necessary farming equipment, studying the needs of the soil, the climate, pest pressure, and diseases, and prepping the site for practices such as cover cropping and composting—Three Feathers Farm officially began production. They quickly worked to establish relationships with local restaurants, non-profits, food banks, and even their local school district, an uncommon success for a new, small-scale operation.

From the start, they knew they would need funding to implement sustainable practices that aligned with their values. They found EQIP through their local Resource Conservation District office, which helped point them to the USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).

Working With NRCS and Putting Conservation Into Practice

So far, Three Feathers Farm has received two NRCS-EQIP contracts. The first, awarded in 2023, was for a hedgerow border along the farm’s property line, which has been completed. The second, approved in 2024, supports the construction and maintenance of two high tunnels.

Getting to those signed contracts, however, took time, persistence, and a steep learning curve. The process began with a farm visit from a local NRCS field agent, followed by the creation of a conservation plan—a prerequisite for applying. Next came a series of forms, eligibility checks, and application submissions, including registering with the Farm Services Agency (FSA) to obtain a farm number, which Héktor, as a new farm owner, hadn’t realized was required.

“That was the biggest obstacle for us was—trying to understand what side of the USDA you go to for certain things, where you submit different paperwork, who to talk to. It felt like the two offices (FSA and NRCS) weren’t in communication with each other,” he explained.

Despite this complication, Three Feathers pushed forward, ultimately securing contracts for two impactful conservation projects:

Hedgerows for Biodiversity

The hedgerow project funded the planting of a variety of native species along a border fence, helping prevent erosion, attract beneficial insects, and buffer wind. It also supported the construction of a barn owl nest box to naturally manage rodent pressure from squirrels and field mice. Maintenance, like regular irrigation and mulching, is required as part of the contract’s ongoing terms.

Prior to the stewardship action taken by Héktor and Dilip, no conservation practices had been applied at the Three Feathers Farm site. “We know this project will improve our water quality, reduce erosion for where the hedgerows will be, and increase biodiversity of the site that we have, by bringing beneficial insects and birds,” Héktor stresses.

High Tunnel Hurdles When Funding Doesn’t Flow Fast

The high tunnel contract, approved in late 2024, was designed to support two season-extending structures, with supplemental guidance on soil management like mulching and cover cropping under the tunnels. The high tunnels would allow the farm to grow sensitive crops through cooler months, protect against late frosts and intense rain events, and increase income stability through longer harvest periods.

But by March 2025, six months after the contract was signed, construction had not begun.

The main reasons: funding logistics and uncertainty. EQIP contracts typically reimburse farmers only after projects are completed and verified by a field agent, often several months or a year after costs have been incurred for project materials or contracted labor. Three Feathers Farm would need to front around $50,000 to complete the high tunnel installation before receiving any reimbursement. This can provide a financial challenge, especially for small farms who may not have access to a bunch of capital to front the cost of a conservation project.

“We’re not just big bags of money,” Héktor laughed. Often the solution for some farmers is to pull out an FSA loan or CDFI loan, but this takes a lot of time and effort and isn’t necessarily feasible for all farmers.

Compounding the issue was the timeline and lack of transparency in the process. Although their contract was approved in September 2024, they were still unclear when reimbursement would be available, which documents were required, and whether any updates had been processed six months later.

“Something that I had a really hard time with is that there is no centralized platform where all of the documents live to show what has been submitted, what contracts do we have, and when these contracts are done,” Héktor said.

They later learned that they could have applied for advance payment as a Historically Underserved operation—a USDA designation that can allow farmers to receive partial funding earlier. This option is still a reimbursement, but farmers are able to submit their receipts immediately after the expense is incurred, rather than having to wait until project completion. Covering expenses for a few weeks instead of several months or a year can make a huge difference in the financial viability of a project for a small farm.

However, Héktor expressed frustration that the option for advance payment was not disclosed to them at the time when they submitted their application. They only learned later that they could have been eligible for the advance payment option. At that point changing the application would have required restarting the whole process, creating a major setback to their project timeline.

“If we had it would have been a very different story,” said Héktor.

In the meantime, the farm is still working to identify financing options or partners to help them move forward with the project.

EQIP Lessons and Hurdles

While Héktor was quick to confirm that “these programs have been incredibly beneficial to our farm” he also pointed out some challenges that they experienced in working with the USDA. These challenges offer valuable lessons for other farmers interested in participating in federal support programs, and also give insight to improvements that NRCS agencies could implement in the processes used and staff training provided.

Navigating FSA and NRCS Requirements

Héktor emphasized that one of the earliest hurdles was not knowing that registering with FSA and obtaining a farm identification number was required before applying for NRCS programs like EQIP. For beginning farmers, this step—and the need to navigate two separate USDA entities—isn’t always intuitive.

The USDA is a large and complex organism with many different agencies working within it. This “doesn’t make it easy for small scale producers to navigate and to understand the complexities of the US government program,” Héktor explained

Language Matters

Despite participating in two different EQIP projects, Héktor pointed out that he and his business partner weren’t clear on exactly which Conservation Practice Standards (CPS) their projects actually supported. CPSs are methods that the NRCS has found to address Resource Concerns.. These technical terms tend to be second nature to NRCS agents, but can leave farmers in the dark.

It would be helpful, Héktor suggested, if NRCS agents were better equipped to speak in terms that are familiar to farmers, helping them understand the connection between their farming practices and the conservation goals of the agency. That way “when we are talking to our elected officials or talking to other organizations we can actually tell them what we’re doing as part of these contracts,” Héktor said.

Communication Gaps and Outdated Systems

Héktor cited communication and use of technology as one of the major challenges that Three Feathers Farm experienced throughout the process of working with a USDA contract.

“The application for both FSA and NRCS felt very archaic,” Héktor said. They were “relying on methods and platforms that weren’t user-friendly or conducive to effectively being able to submit and track documents. It just felt like there’s got to be an easier way.”

This led to a lot of uncertainty about what paperwork needed to be submitted and whether everything required had been properly received by NRCS. It was difficult for Three Feathers Farm to know if they were missing any key documents or steps, Héktor explained, “which added to the stress of the application process, for both me and my business partner.”

“Despite these challenges, we worked diligently to navigate the system by carefully double-checking and following up on each of the steps,” Héktor said, a key tip for other farmers applying for these programs.

Long Delays and Understaffing

“We experienced huge wait times, sometimes 2-4 months, to schedule even just a visit from our field agent,” Héktor explained. “This delay had a significant impact on our ability to move forward with submitting our applications for programs we wanted to apply to–like hedgerows and high tunnels.”

While he stressed that their local field agent was helpful and supportive, it was clear that understaffing limits how quickly farmers can move forward. “They probably have so many farmers they have to respond to that it’s not possible for them to give us the attention that we need,” he added.

For Three Feathers Farm, this made it hard to get a response and meant that they had to constantly be reaching out to their NRCS office to push the project along and make sure things were on track.

Agent Awareness of Practices that Apply to Organic Farms

Héktor expressed a desire for more familiarity on the part of NRCS agents with the programs that could work on an organic farm, pointing out how helpful it would be if they were more able to suggest practices for farmers to consider implementing that are compatible with the organic method.

“We found that agents were not always fully aware of the practices and programs that could apply to our farm,” Héktor mentioned. “I think as a result we sometimes miss out on new or existing programs that could be beneficial to our operation.”

Because of this, Héktor pointed out the importance for farmers to be proactive in asking for support, and doing the work of familiarizing themselves with the programs that are available.

Project Timelines and Reimbursements

Three Feathers Farm was approved for their high tunnel project in September 2024, but by early March 2025, they still hadn’t been able to break ground. Delays—both in scheduling and in understanding the materials sent as part of the contract—have slowed the process. The timeline from application to implementation to reimbursement can be longer and more complex than expected, especially for new applicants who may not anticipate these challenges or factor them into their planning.

While an Advance Payment option exists to help eligible farmers get reimbursed sooner, it wasn’t offered upfront.

Don’t wait until you’re ready to build. Ask detailed questions about timelines and whether you qualify for Advance Payment.

Advice to Others

Despite the challenges, Héktor wants other farmers to know the programs are worth it—if you’re ready to do some extra legwork.

“It taught us that we needed to be really persistent, to pay attention to the details, and to advocate for ourselves,” he said. “Don’t be afraid to ask questions, and don’t assume the agencies will volunteer all the information you need. You have to advocate for it.”

Héktor acknowledges that these programs have eliminated the significant long-term financial burden from incorporating these practices onto Three Feathers Farm, “enabling us to now invest in our sustainable practices without jeopardizing our farm’s [financial] sustainability. The guidance and technical assistance that we’ve received have really streamlined our processes, contributing to our broader goal of environmental stewardship.”

Looking Ahead: Stewardship, Research, and Resilience

Three Feathers Farm became USDA Certified Organic in early 2024, but Héktor and Dilip’s long-term vision goes beyond infrastructure or certification. They see organic farming as part of a broader movement rooted in environmental stewardship, food justice, and cultural resilience.

“We’re in continual kinship with the soil, crops that we grow, and the surrounding nature in our area,” Héktor said.

For Three Feathers Farm, organic isn’t just a label—it’s a responsibility to their community and future generations. That includes advocating for better research, more accessible programs, and a stronger voice for small farms in federal conversations.

Héktor has traveled to Washington, D.C. as an advocate with the National Young Farmers Coalition and continues to speak out about the importance of policy that reflects the lived experiences of diverse farmers. He highlighted the lack of research on culturally relevant crops and the needs for greater recognition of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in agricultural research.

“A lot of the crops we grow don’t have data behind them for pest and disease management,” he explained. “That forces small farms like ours to do our own research, which takes time we don’t always have.”

Preservation is a common thread in their motivations to go organic, culminating in the greater goal of protecting the land for future generations. Both human and animal communities benefit from land free of chemical pesticides and herbicides, and the choice to receive organic certification is largely about providing accountability. Three Feathers Farm wants its community to know that they “did their due diligence,” and feel that the organic label communicates that.

Although achieving certification was an arduous process, the technical support and monetary backing of a number of organizations and agencies played a large role in enabling the farm to reach this goal. One critical factor that sped up their application timeline was the fact that previous farming operations on that plot had ceased more than twenty years before, meaning that the three-year transition period for land rehabilitation was unnecessary—a requirement Héktor noted can deter some farmers with fewer resources.

OFRF continues to advocate for more research funding that centers BIPOC producers, and to develop resources to help all farmers access the support they need to thrive. As climate change accelerates and challenges deepen, farms like Three Feathers remind us what’s at stake–and what’s possible when farmers have the right tools.

Ready to Apply? Here Are a Few Helpful Resources

If you’re a farmer considering applying for EQIP or other NRCS programs, here are some helpful tools to get started:

Hablemos en serio sobre EQIP: El recorrido de una granja orgánica a través de los fondos federales

La historia de Three Feathers Farm

Por Jazea Kalea Smith, pasante de Políticas y Comunicaciones de OFRF en otoño de 2024, y el personal de OFRF

En OFRF, actualmente estamos trabajando para aumentar el conocimiento entre agricultores y comunidades sobre las oportunidades de financiamiento federal disponibles para granjas orgánicas y en transición. Como parte de nuestro trabajo con la región Oeste/Suroeste del Programa de Asociación para la Transición a la Producción Orgánica (TOPP) del USDA, queremos destacar la experiencia de una granja: Three Feathers Farm, en California, que recibió fondos y apoyo a través del Programa de Incentivos a la Calidad Ambiental (EQIP, por sus siglas en inglés) del Servicio de Conservación de Recursos Naturales (NRCS).

Su historia ofrece una mirada honesta a lo que realmente implica trabajar con el NRCS: los beneficios, obstáculos y lecciones aprendidas. Esperamos que otras granjas puedan usar esta experiencia para navegar el proceso de solicitud e implementación de contratos de EQIP.

Conozca a Three Feathers Farm

Three Feathers Farm es una pequeña granja orgánica dirigida por personas BIPOC, ubicada en cuatro acres y medio en Morgan Hill, California, a solo veinte minutos al sur de San José, en tierras ancestrales de la Tribu Muwekma Ohlone.

Fundada por Héktor Calderón-Victoria y Dilip Sharma en 2022, la granja cultiva una combinación de cultivos modernos y tradicionales con relevancia cultural, como maíz, chile, frijoles, calabazas, cebolla, lechuga, rábanos, jitomates, flores, hierbas culinarias, albahaca y pepinos. Su misión es cuidar la tierra mientras ofrecen alimentos que sirvan y reflejen a las diversas comunidades que los antecedieron y que los rodean actualmente.

“Yo creo que para nosotros, la agricultura no es solo un lugar para cultivar alimentos, sino un espacio donde la comunidad se reúne”, dice Héktor. “Es un sitio donde las personas pueden traer distintas formas de pensar, estilos de vida y trasfondos económicos. Nuestra misión es ser tan diversos como lo son nuestro suelo y los cultivos que cultivamos”. 

En 2023, después de un año de preparación—limpiar el terreno, diseñar, conseguir el equipo agrícola necesario, estudiar las necesidades del suelo, el clima, las plagas y enfermedades, y preparar el sitio para prácticas como cultivos de cobertura y compostaje—Three Feathers Farm comenzó oficialmente su producción. Rápidamente establecieron relaciones con restaurantes locales, organizaciones sin fines de lucro, bancos de alimentos e incluso con su distrito escolar local, lo cual es un logro poco común para una operación nueva de pequeña escala.

Desde el principio, sabían que necesitarían financiamiento para implementar prácticas sostenibles que coincidieran con sus valores. Descubrieron EQIP a través de su oficina local del Distrito de Conservación de Recursos, que los orientó hacia el Servicio de Conservación de Recursos Naturales (NRCS) del USDA.

Trabajar Con el NRCS y Poner la Conservación En Práctica

Hasta ahora, Three Feathers Farm ha recibido dos contratos EQIP del NRCS. El primero, otorgado en 2023, fue para una cerca viva a lo largo del límite de la propiedad, la cual ya ha sido completada. El segundo, aprobado en 2024, apoya la construcción y mantenimiento de dos túneles altos.

Sin embargo, llegar a esos contratos firmados tomó tiempo, persistencia y una proceso de aprendizaje difícil. El proceso comenzó con una visita de campo por parte de un agente local del NRCS, seguida de la creación de un plan de conservación—un requisito previo para la solicitud. Luego vino una serie de formularios, verificación de elegibilidad y presentación de solicitudes, incluyendo el registro en la Agencia de Servicios Agrícolas (FSA) para obtener un número de granja, algo que Héktor, como nuevo propietario de una granja, no sabía que era necesario.

“El mayor obstáculo para nosotros fue tratar de entender a qué parte del USDA acudir para ciertas cosas, dónde entregar distintos formularios, con quién hablar. Sentíamos que las dos oficinas (FSA y NRCS) no se comunicaban entre sí”, explicó.

A pesar de esta complicación, Three Feathers siguió adelante, y finalmente logró asegurar contratos para dos proyectos de conservación con gran impacto:

Cercas vivas para la biodiversidad

El proyecto de cercas vivas financió la siembra de una variedad de especies nativas a lo largo de una cerca perimetral, ayudando a prevenir la erosión, atraer insectos beneficiosos y amortiguar el viento. También incluyó la construcción de una caja nido para lechuzas como forma natural de controlar roedores, como ardillas y ratones de campo. Como parte de los términos del contrato, se requiere mantenimiento continuo, como riego regular y acolchado.

Antes de que Héktor y Dilip implementaran estas prácticas de manejo, no se había aplicado ninguna práctica de conservación en Three Feathers Farm. “Sabemos que este proyecto mejorará la calidad del agua, reducirá la erosión en el área donde estará la cerca viva, y aumentará la biodiversidad del sitio que tenemos, al atraer insectos y aves beneficiosas”, enfatiza Héktor.

Obstáculos en Túneles altos cuando el financiamiento no llega rápido

El contrato para los túneles altos, aprobado a fines de 2024, fue diseñado para apoyar la construcción de dos estructuras que extienden la temporada de cultivo, con orientación complementaria sobre el manejo del suelo, como el acolchado (“mulching”) y el cultivo de cobertura (“cover cropping”) dentro de los túneles. Estos túneles permitirían a la granja cultivar cultivos sensibles durante los meses más fríos, protegerlos de heladas tardías y lluvias intensas, y aumentar la estabilidad de ingresos mediante periodos de cosecha más largos.

Pero en marzo de 2025, seis meses después de firmar el contrato, la construcción aún no había comenzado.

Las principales razones: logística financiera e incertidumbre. Los contratos EQIP normalmente reembolsan a los agricultores solo después de que los proyectos se completan y un agente de campo los verifica, lo que a menudo ocurre varios meses o incluso un año después de que se hayan incurrido los costos de materiales o mano de obra contratada. Three Feathers Farm necesitaba desembolsar alrededor de $50,000 para completar la instalación antes de recibir algún reembolso. Esto puede representar un desafío financiero, especialmente para granjas pequeñas que quizás no cuenten con capital suficiente para cubrir los costos por adelantado.

“No somos sacos grandes de dinero”, se rió Héktor. A menudo, la solución para algunos agricultores es recurrir a un préstamo de FSA o de una Institución Financiera de Desarrollo Comunitario (CDFI, por sus siglas en inglés), pero esto requiere mucho tiempo y esfuerzo, y no siempre es factible para todos.

El problema se agravó con los plazos y la falta de transparencia en el proceso. Aunque su contrato fue aprobado en septiembre de 2024, seis meses después todavía no tenían claro cuándo estaría disponible el reembolso, qué documentos se requerían y si se habían procesado actualizaciones seis meses después.

“Algo que me costó mucho fue que no hay una plataforma centralizada donde estén todos los documentos, que muestre qué se ha enviado, qué contratos tenemos y cuándo están finalizados esos contratos”, dijo Héktor.

Más adelante se enteraron de que podían haber solicitado un pago adelantado por ser una operación designada como “Históricamente Desatendida”—una categoría del USDA que permite a los agricultores recibir una parte de la financiación más pronto. Esta opción sigue siendo un reembolso, pero los agricultores pueden presentar sus recibos inmediatamente después de incurrir en los gastos, en lugar de tener que esperar hasta la finalización del proyecto. Cubrir los gastos por unas semanas en lugar de varios meses o un año puede hacer una gran diferencia para la viabilidad financiera de un proyecto en una granja pequeña.

Sin embargo, Héktor expresó su frustración porque esa opción de pago adelantado no se les presentó cuando enviaron su solicitud. Solo más adelante supieron que podían haber sido elegibles. Para entonces, cambiar la solicitud habría requerido reiniciar todo el proceso, lo que habría representado un gran retraso para su cronograma.

“Si lo hubiéramos hecho, habría sido una historia muy diferente”, dijo Héktor.

Mientras tanto, la granja sigue buscando opciones de financiamiento o socios que los ayuden a avanzar con el proyecto.

Lecciones y obstáculos con EQIP

Aunque Héktor rápidamente confirmó que “estos programas han sido increíblemente beneficiosos para nuestra granja”, también señaló varios desafíos que enfrentaron al trabajar con el USDA. Estas experiencias ofrecen lecciones valiosas para otros agricultores interesados en participar en programas federales de apoyo, y también resaltan áreas en las que NRCS podría mejorar sus procesos y la capacitación de su personal.

Navegando los requisitos de FSA y NRCS

Héktor enfatiza que uno de los primeros obstáculos fue no saber que debían registrarse con FSA y obtener un número de identificación agrícola antes de aplicar a programas NRCS como EQIP. Para agricultores principiantes, este paso—y la necesidad de navegar entre dos agencias diferentes del USDA—no siempre es intuitivo.

“USDA es un organismo grande y complejo con muchas agencias distintas trabajando dentro de él. Esto no facilita que los productores a pequeña escala entiendan y naveguen la complejidad de los programas del gobierno estadounidense”, explicó Héktor.

El lenguaje importa

Aunque participaron en dos proyectos diferentes de EQIP, Héktor señaló que ni él ni su socio comercial tenían claridad sobre cuáles “Estándares de Prácticas de Conservación” (CPS, por sus siglas en inglés) apoyaban realmente sus proyectos. Los CPS son métodos que NRCS ha determinado que abordan problemas de recursos. Estos términos técnicos son naturales para los agentes de NRCS, pero pueden dejar a los agricultores en la oscuridad.

Sería útil, sugirió Héktor, que los agentes de NRCS estén mejor capacitados para comunicarse en términos más comprensibles para los agricultores, ayudándoles a entender la conexión entre sus prácticas agrícolas y los objetivos de conservación de la agencia. Así, “cuando hablemos con funcionarios electos u otras organizaciones, podamos realmente explicar lo que estamos haciendo como parte de estos contratos”, dijo Héktor.

Brechas de comunicación y sistemas obsoletos

Héktor mencionó que uno de los principales desafíos que Three Feathers Farm experimentó fue la comunicación y el uso de tecnología a lo largo del proceso de trabajar con el contrato de  USDA.

“La aplicación para FSA y NRCS nos pareció muy anticuada”, dijo Héktor. “Dependían de métodos y plataformas que no eran fáciles de usar ni ayudaban a enviar y rastrear documentos de forma efectiva. Sentíamos que debía haber una manera más sencilla”.

Esto causó mucha incertidumbre sobre qué documentos debían enviar y si NRCS había recibido todo correctamente. “No sabíamos si faltaban papeles importantes o pasos del proceso”, explicó Héktor, lo que aumentó el estrés tanto para él como para su socio.

“A pesar de estos desafíos, trabajamos con diligencia para navegar el sistema revisando cuidadosamente cada paso y haciendo seguimiento”, dijo Héktor un consejo clave para otros agricultores que estén considerando aplicar a estos programas.

Largos retrasos y falta de personal

“Experimentamos tiempos de espera muy largos, a veces de 2 a 4 meses, solo para agendar una visita de nuestro agente de campo”, explicó Héktor. “Este retraso tuvo un impacto significativo en nuestra capacidad de avanzar con la presentación de solicitudes para programas como las cercas vivas y los túneles altos”.

Si bien destacó que su agente local fue servicial y solidario, quedó claro que la falta de personal limita cuán rápido los agricultores pueden avanzar. “Seguramente tienen muchos agricultores a los que deben responder y no pueden darnos la atención que necesitamos”, añadió.

Para Three Feathers Farm, esto hizo que fuera difícil obtener respuestas y significó que debían estar en constante contacto con su oficina local de NRCS para impulsar el proyecto y asegurarse de que todo siguiera avanzando.

Conocimiento de prácticas aplicables a la agricultura orgánica

Héktor expresó su deseo de que los agentes de NRCS estén más familiarizados con los programas que pueden aplicarse a granjas orgánicas. Señaló lo útil que sería que los agentes pudieran sugerir prácticas compatibles con métodos orgánicos.

“Nos dimos cuenta de que los agentes no siempre estaban completamente informados sobre las prácticas y programas que podrían aplicarse a nuestra granja”, mencionó Héktor. “Creo que a veces eso hace que perdamos oportunidades en programas nuevos o ya existentes que podrían beneficiarnos”.

Por eso, resaltó la importancia de que los agricultores sean proactivos al pedir apoyo y se tomen el tiempo de familiarizarse con los programas disponibles.

Cronogramas de proyectos y reembolsos

Three Feathers Farm recibió la aprobación para su proyecto de túnel alto en septiembre de 2024, pero para principios de marzo de 2025, aún no habían podido comenzar la obra. Los retrasos, tanto en la programación como en la comprensión de los materiales incluidos en el contrato, hicieron más lento el proceso. El tiempo desde la solicitud hasta la implementación y el reembolso puede ser más largo y complejo de lo que se espera, especialmente para quienes participan por primera vez y no anticipan estos desafíos ni los incorporan en su planificación.

Aunque existe una opción de Pago por Adelantado para ayudar a que los agricultores elegibles reciban reembolsos más pronto, no se ofreció desde el inicio.

No espere hasta estar listo para construir. Haga preguntas detalladas sobre los cronogramas y si califica para el Pago por Adelantado.

Consejos para otras personas agricultoras

A pesar de los desafíos, Héktor quiere que otras personas agricultoras sepan que los programas valen la pena, siempre y cuando usted esté dispuesto a hacer un esfuerzo adicional.

“Nos enseñó que necesitábamos ser realmente persistentes, prestar atención a los detalles y abogar por nosotros mismos”, dijo. “No tenga miedo de hacer preguntas y no asuma que las agencias le proporcionarán toda la información que necesita. Usted debe abogar por obtenerla”.

Héktor reconoce que estos programas eliminaron una carga financiera significativa a largo plazo al incorporar estas prácticas en Three Feathers Farm, “lo que ahora nos permite invertir en nuestras prácticas sostenibles sin poner en riesgo la sostenibilidad [financiera] de nuestra granja. La orientación y asistencia técnica que hemos recibido realmente agilizaron nuestros procesos y contribuyeron a nuestro objetivo más amplio de cuidado ambiental”.

Mirando hacia el futuro: cuidado del entorno, investigación y resiliencia

Three Feathers Farm obtuvo la certificación orgánica del USDA a principios de 2024, pero la visión a largo plazo de Héktor y Dilip va más allá de la infraestructura o la certificación. Consideran la agricultura orgánica como parte de un movimiento más amplio, enraizado en el cuidado del medioambiente, la justicia alimentaria y la resiliencia cultural.

“Mantenemos un vínculo constante con el suelo, los cultivos que cultivamos y la naturaleza que nos rodea”, dijo Héktor.

Para Three Feathers Farm, ser orgánico no es solo una etiqueta: es una responsabilidad con su comunidad y con las futuras generaciones. Eso incluye abogar por una mejor investigación, programas más accesibles y una voz más fuerte para las granjas pequeñas en las conversaciones a nivel federal.

Héktor ha viajado a Washington, D.C. como defensor con la National Young Farmers Coalition, y continúa alzando la voz sobre la importancia de que las políticas reflejen las experiencias reales de agricultores diversos. Destacó la falta de investigación sobre cultivos culturalmente relevantes y la necesidad de un mayor reconocimiento del Conocimiento Ecológico Tradicional (TEK, por sus siglas en inglés) en la investigación agrícola.

“Muchos de los cultivos que cultivamos no cuentan con datos disponibles sobre el manejo de plagas y enfermedades”, explicó. “Eso obliga a granjas pequeñas como la nuestra a hacer su propia investigación, lo cual requiere tiempo que no siempre tenemos”.

La preservación es una motivación constante en su decisión de hacer la transición a lo orgánico, con el objetivo final de proteger la tierra para las generaciones futuras. Tanto las comunidades humanas como animales se benefician de un terreno libre de pesticidas y herbicidas químicos, y la decisión de obtener la certificación orgánica tiene mucho que ver con rendir cuentas. Three Feathers Farm quiere que su comunidad sepa que “hicieron las cosas bien” y sienten que la etiqueta orgánica comunica eso.

Aunque lograr la certificación fue un proceso arduo, el apoyo técnico y financiero de varias organizaciones y agencias desempeñó un papel fundamental para que la granja alcanzara esa meta. Un factor crítico que aceleró el cronograma de su solicitud fue el hecho de que las operaciones agrícolas anteriores en ese terreno habían cesado más de veinte años atrás, lo que significó que no fue necesario cumplir con el periodo de transición de tres años para la rehabilitación del suelo—un requisito que, según Héktor, puede desanimar a agricultores con menos recursos.

OFRF continúa abogando por más fondos de investigación que centrados a productores BIPOC, y para desarrollar recursos que ayuden a todas las personas agricultoras a acceder al apoyo que necesitan para prosperar. A medida que el cambio climático se acelera y los desafíos se profundizan, granjas como Three Feathers nos recuerdan lo que está en juego—y lo que es posible cuando las personas agricultoras tienen las herramientas adecuadas.

¿Listo/a para aplicar? Aquí tiene algunos recursos útiles

Si usted es una persona agricultora y está considerando solicitar EQIP u otros programas de NRCS, aquí tiene algunas herramientas útiles para comenzar:

By |2025-10-29T09:21:02-04:00April 10th, 2025|Farmer Stories, News, TOPP West|

Farmer-Led Trials Program Spotlight: Kennebec Valley Farm

Written by Mary Hathaway, OFRF’s Research & Education Program Manager

Up on a ridge in rural Maine is Kennebec Valley Farm, a 22-acre historic farm. Owner Jennifer Barrientos was able to purchase the farm three years ago to become steward of the property, which is a mix of woodland and pastureland. Jennifer grows on just about one acre, including greenhouses. She is certified organic and uses no-till and biodynamic methods to grow her produce. You’ll also find chickens and alpacas on her pastureland, and she makes good use of their manure in her soil fertility regimen. 

Jennifer had a long journey to get to her current farm. She grew up in Hawaii, where she helped grow food and care for chickens, goats, and rabbits on her family’s farm. Many years later, after moving back to the mainland and working as a teacher for more than 25 years, Jennifer began working on organic and biodynamic farms on both the West and East Coasts. Now, settled in at Kennebec Valley Farm, Jennifer grows food for her community, offering seasonal produce at their farm store, through a CSA and local farmers markets. 

Rebecca Champagne, OFRF’s Conservation Scientist, visited Kennebec Valley Farm in October to see Jennifer’s operation and chat about her involvement in the FLT program. They chatted about why Jennifer decided to apply for the program, why she chose the specific research question, and discussed how the trial was going. Jennifer is in the beginning phases of being in no-till production, and after visiting some long-term no-till farms in Maine, she knew she wanted to investigate what would create the healthiest soil at her farm. She is interested in finding the right balance in practices financially, labor-wise, and what will build soil health and microbial activity.

Comparing farm-made compost and commercial fertilizer

In her transition to a no-till system, Jennifer has begun to incorporate Dutch white clover as a cover crop to add fertility to her beds and suppress other weeds. As she’s developing and stabilizing her permanent bed system, Jennifer wanted to make use of more cover crops and farm-generated inputs to feed her soil. However, as a market farmer, Jennifer did not want her change in amendments to decrease her yields. Jennifer decided it was a good idea to compare her farm-made compost with the commercially available fertilizer that she had used in previous seasons. 

Farm trial plan

plot map for field trial at Kennebec Valley Farm, part of the Farmer Led Trials Program at OFRFWith technical support from OFRF, Jennifer built out her trial, asking, “Will purchased soil amendments result in higher yield and soil health when compared to farm-made compost in brassica crops?”

OFRF staff helped Jennifer set up a randomized block design to compare the yields of Brussel sprouts growing with her farm-made compost and a commercial fertilizer that consists of blood meal and potassium sulfate. Jennifer is also taking soil tests of plots before and after harvest to see what impact the treatments are having on the soil, as well as the current crop.

Trial updates

The Brussel sprout harvest will be complete in December, with just over half the crop harvested so far. Jennifer continues to track the yield data as the plants are ready for harvest. To capture a full picture of the impact that the cover crop and amendment treatments have on the soil, she will take soil samples after the ground thaws in spring.

rows of organic veggies in a high tunnel at Kennebec Valley Farm, part of the Farmer Led Trial Program with OFRF

“By embracing a holistic approach to farming, I not only contribute to sustainable agricultural practices but also inspire others to recognize the health benefits of consuming locally grown, nutrient-rich produce. As stewards of the land, this research can cultivate a culture that honors the environment, nourishes communities, and builds a better future.”

– Jennifer Barrientos, Kennebec Valley Farm

the farm store at Kennebec Valley Farm, selling local organic fruits and veggies

This story is part of a series profiling farmers who are taking part in OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trials (FLT) program. Farmers receive technical support from OFRF to address their challenges through structured on-farm trials. To learn more about OFRF Farmer-Led Trials Program, visit our website page at https://ofrf.org/research/farmer-led-research-trials/

To learn more about soil fertility rates and various amendments, check out these links:

To learn more about Kennebec Valley Farm visit https://www.kennebecvalleyfarm.com/

By |2024-12-10T14:07:44-05:00December 10th, 2024|Farmer Stories, FLT Highlight, News|

Farmer-Led Trials Program Spotlight: Trouvaille Farm

Written by Mary Hathaway, OFRF’s Research & Education Program Manager

female organic farmer in Ohio inspects pepper plants as part of an on-farm research trial

An apprentice in the pepper field at Trouvaille Farm.

In the hills of Southeastern Ohio you will find Lindsay Klaunig on her farm: Trouvaille Farm. While she has been a grower for more than 20 years, this her seventh season as owner and operator of Trouvaille Farm, something that the name itself acknowledges (Trouvaille means lucky find).  

The farm landscape is a patchwork of diversity. There are grass-fed beef and goats on pasture, heirloom crops on the ridge tops and fruit trees throughout the farm. Many of the open-pollinated varieties are being grown to maturity and processed as seed crops, to be sold through small regional seed companies. 

Lindsay manages the land using regenerative, organic practices and focuses on building healthy soil, and increasing biodiversity so that she can provide nutritious food for her family and neighbors. To avoid using pesticides, there are insectaries, rows of flowering plants that attract beneficial insects, throughout the farm that naturally keep pests under control.

Open Pollinated Seeds for Climate-Resilience

As a seed grower, it is important for Lindsay to have access to varieties that are regionally adapted and able to thrive in low-input systems. She sees the opportunity of open-pollinated seed varieties as a tool that is vital as the climate changes and modern hybrids may not have the same capacity to thrive in severe weather events. Seeds from open-pollinated varieties can be saved by the grower and selected for those that best meet the demands of their own particular climate, growing systems and market. This is ever more important for growers using organic systems, where farmers look to cover crops and compost for soil fertility rather than synthetic fertilizers.

In recent years, the extremes of heat and drought have been a major challenge for many of her long-season summer crops, like tomatillos and peppers. Lindsay has been interested in trying shade cloth on her peppers to help nurture them through extreme weather conditions, but she wasn’t sure if it would have a negative effect on fruit set or seed production. After learning about OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trial program, she decided this would be a relatively risk-averse way to see the impact of this growing practice on her harvest.

Farm trial plan

Plot map – legend S= shade; N= no shade

After considering some of the logistics of on-farm research trials with OFRF staff, Lindsay was able to develop a question that would help her decide if shade cloth would help, or hurt her seed harvest. The trial was further narrowed down to peppers. Research Questions: Will using shade cloth improve fruit set in pepper plants grown for seed? And if so, will that lead to early mature harvest and overall higher yields? 

The trial was designed as a paired comparison with the treatments being peppers that were given 35% black netting shade cloth vs. peppers that received no shade cloth. The measurements Lindsay decided upon were to weigh the fresh fruit harvested and the fresh and dried seed weight in addition to taking basic fruit quality observations. Since she often sells her peppers for seeds, rather than as fresh fruit, this was the most helpful measurement for her production practices.

Trial updates

Harvest data is almost complete, with the first harvests beginning in late September, much later than expected due to the extreme drought conditions. Once the harvests are complete, Lindsay and the OFRF staff are excited to see the results and impact of shade cloth on pepper production.

“Every season we adjust our growing methods and try out new techniques. But inevitably the season gets busy, we lose track of outcomes and end up with incomplete impressions of what worked or didn’t. With the FLT program, I had support in designing a solid project, and funds to allow me allocate time and focus to data collection and analysis.”

– Lindsay Klaunig, Trouvaille Farm

seed saving from organic pepper research trial
Trouvaille Farm farmer-led trial organic peppers
harvesting peppers for on-farm research at Trouvaille Farm in Ohio
shade net over organic peppers during on-farm research at Trouvaille Farm in Ohio

Research Results

Lindsay Klaunig’s farmer-led trial experimented with using shade cloth to improve fruit set in pepper plants grown for seed, and examined the impact on fruit yield, seed yield and seed quality (germination rate).

Key Findings:

  • Total fruit yield (Harvest 1+Harvest 2) was significantly higher in non-shaded plots, with a total yield of 10.9 lb compared to just 4.7 lb in shaded plots (Table 2). Seed yield (per plant and per bed ft) was also higher in non-shaded plots. Seed yield per lb of fresh fruit was higher in shaded plots, but this is likely due to the low fruit yield in these plots.
  • There were, however, some differences between results from the two separate harvests in September and October. For example, in Harvest 1, seed yield per bed ft was not significantly different in shaded vs unshaded plots, but in Harvest 2, seed yield per bed ft was significantly higher in unshaded plots.

The season that this trial took place was one of the warmest and driest on record. The use of black shade cloth may have increased the temperature rather than provide any shade relief, as intended. In the future, Lindsay would like to try white shade cloth, and be sure to use larger hoops to allow space for more airflow over bushier crops like peppers.

For full details on the study’s methodology and results, read the final report.

This story is part of a series profiling farmers who are taking part in OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trials (FLT) program. Farmers receive technical support from OFRF to address their challenges through structured on-farm trials. To learn more about OFRF Farmer-Led Trials Program, visit our website page at https://ofrf.org/research/farmer-led-research-trials/

To learn more about bell pepper research, click the following link: Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) Crop as Affected by Shade Level: Fruit Yield, Quality, and Postharvest Attributes, and Incidence of Phytophthora Blight (caused by Phytophthora capsici Leon.)

To learn more about Trouvaille Farm, visit https://www.trouvaillefarm.com/

By |2025-06-11T22:36:55-04:00November 7th, 2024|Farmer Stories, FLT Highlight, News|

Planting for Resilience

Reflections on Cover Crops and the Vital Role They Play in Organic Farming

By April Thatcher, farmer at April Joy Farm and OFRF Board President

cover crop seeds including oats, radish, vetch, barley, and red clover.

Cover Crop Seed at AJF | Oats, radish, vetch, barley, and red clover.

Cover crops are a central part of balance on my Southwest Washington farm. In fact, they’re a vital tool in organic systems across the United States, helping to regenerate the soil, suppress weeds, and build resilience in the face of a changing climate. And yet, I’ll admit, for all their benefits, cover crops have been a source of some head-scratching moments for me over the years.

When I first started using cover crops, I had a lot of questions—many of the same ones I still hear from other new growers today.

  • What mix of plants will work best with my soil type, climate, and crop needs? 
  • How do I know my cover crops are adding value to my system?
  • What type of equipment do I need to manage cover crops successfully?
  • And perhaps the most common question I get from fellow farmers is: How do I transition from a lush, green cover crop to a seedbed ready for planting without disturbing the soil too much?

Organic farming is a relationship between the land and the farmer, and I think of cover cropping as one big, ongoing conversation in this relationship. It’s a journey of experimentation, observation, learning, and refining techniques year after year. Each piece of land, each crop, and each season calls for a different approach, and what works for one farmer might not work for another. 

On my farm, I’ve spent years experimenting with different cover crop mixes and timing strategies. I currently use a mix of cover crops—grasses, legumes, and broadleafs—depending on what I observe the soil needs. Legumes like peas and clover can add nitrogen to the soil, while deep-rooted crops like daikon radishes help break up compacted layers and improve soil structure. The key for me is to support functional diversity—both above and below the ground.

The Role of Cover Crops in a Living Soil System

When we treat soil as simply a medium to grow crops, we miss out on the extraordinary potential it has to regenerate life, sequester carbon, improve the nutritional value of our food, reduce off farm inputs, and to act as a buffer against the many challenges we face today. 

Cover crops are a powerful tool to help unlock this potential. These crops are not meant to be harvested but rather are grown specifically to feed the soil. When used strategically, cover crops can help reduce soil erosion, capture and recycle nutrients, promote nitrogen fixation, increase organic matter, suppress weeds, and even manage pests—all while nurturing the living, complex web of life in our soils. 

Cover crops are a critical tool in the organic farmer’s tool box to help build resilience on the ground—not just in the soil but in our entire farm ecosystem. And that resilience is more important now than ever as climate change presents erratic new challenges to farmers across the country.

Lessons from the Field: Cover Cropping in Practice

A green tree frog perched on the leaf of a kale plant in an organic farm field.

Cover Crop Kale | Sometimes, we don’t mow or turn under our market crops after we’ve finished harvesting. We underseed cover crops directly into these fields because, like cover crops, these plants continue to provide benefits for our system. Case in point- this tree frog has it made in the shade. Photo credit: Lauren Ruhe

I’ve learned over the years that there is no one “right” way to utilize cover crops. I’ve surrendered to the reality that on highly diversified operations like mine, cover cropping is always going to be a process of experimentation, observation, and refinement. What works one year might not work exactly the same the next, and that’s okay. If we are observant and committed to keeping records of our trials, we can glean important knowledge every season of the year. The goal isn’t perfection; it’s progress.

After eighteen years of working with cover crops on my 24 acre farm, here’s a bit of what I have gleaned – what I would tell my new-farmer-self if I could:

  • Start simple and make small adjustments to your basic cover crop plan year over year. When I first started utilizing cover crops I was overly enthusiastic. Every year I’d try a bunch of different, complex seed mixes to try and find the perfect one. That was a mistake. I wish I’d stuck with a simple mix of two or three species (grass/legume/broadleaf) for the first few years. If I had done so, and made small refinements year over year, (adjust seeding rates, sowing dates, etc.) it would have saved me time in the long run. Instead of changing way too many variables every year, I would have built up a steady, reliable mix customized to my system faster- one that incrementally added stacking benefits to my system year over year. 
  • Pick only one (or two at most) goals. I had so many needs when I started using cover crops. I had soil compaction, low nitrogen, low organic matter levels, and erosion and leaching to worry about. But starting out, I would have been better off picking just one of these to focus on addressing through the use of cover crops instead of trying to solve all of them at once. Over time, you can build on your success. But aim for the small wins, having faith they will add up over time.
  • Be mindful of your equipment and resource limits. We have hot, dry summers at my farm. So interestingly, irrigation is a big challenge for me in terms of using summer cover crop crops. Same goes for sowing fall cover crops, which I want to sow as early as I can to maximize nitrogen fixation. Even though I have the equipment to sow, cultipack and terminate them successfully, if I can’t get them to germinate without water I’m at square one. If you don’t have equipment to crimp/roll cover crops or don’t have a flail mower, make sure to be strategic about the species in your mix. Have a plan for seeding, and have a plan for terminating your cover crops that is practical for your operation.
  • Nest your cover crops into your overall crop system. Your cover cropping plan has to work within the larger context of your farm plan. Part of this means being realistic about the resources (including labor) necessary to implement your cover crop strategy (see bullet point above). Part of this means being diligent about planning your cover cropping efforts as diligently as you do crops for your market. It’s all too easy in the heat of the season to bail on your cover cropping plan because some of the details aren’t quite worked out or you didn’t order seed, etc. Be intentional about making sure your cover crop system compliments versus competes with your market crop system. At my farm, tasks for cover crop soil prep, sowing, management, monitoring, and termination tasks are all included in my annual farm plan schedule. I don’t have to think about organizing or planning anything cover crop related once the season gets started; I can focus simply on implementation. 

Every farmer who wishes to utilize cover crops successfully has specific soil health needs, goals unique to their operation, and different equipment and time constraints. So while there’s no single, universally right approach to cover cropping, we can all benefit from taking a strategic approach to working with cover crops.

Picture of summer cover crop in bloom. Includes Oats, White flowering buckwheat, orange California poppies, and purple phacelia.

Summer Cover Crop Mix | A favorite combination for warm weather. Oats, Buckwheat, Poppies and Phacelia.

Bridging Experience with Research: OFRF’s New Guide to Cover Cropping

That’s why I’m so excited to share a valuable new resource for farmers: a comprehensive organic cover cropping guide developed through OFRF’s ongoing partnership with the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). This guide is designed to help farmers—whether they’re just starting out with cover crops or refining their strategies.

What makes this guide so valuable is that it’s grounded in both science and experience. It combines years of research on the benefits of cover cropping with practical, field-tested strategies from organic farmers like myself. It provides an overview of the steps for selecting cover crops, managing them through the growing season, and terminating them in a way that benefits both the soil and the farmer’s bottom line. And it offers a collection of other regionally specific resources for farmers to dive in deeper. You can also find more in depth information in OFRF’s Soil Health and Organic Farming guide to Cover Crop Selection and Management.

Whether you’re looking to improve your soil’s health, reduce off-farm inputs, support pollinators, or make your farm more resilient to climate change, cover crops can be a powerful tool in your toolkit. This guide is full of practical, research-based advice to help farmers make informed decisions about how to integrate cover crops into their systems.

By |2024-10-21T15:59:49-04:00October 21st, 2024|Farmer Stories, News|

Farmer-Led Trials Program Spotlight: A Different Chick Farm

Written by Mary Hathaway, OFRF’s Research & Education Program Manager

A Different Chick Farm booth at market.

A Different Chick Farm is a Certified Organic family farm on just under 6 acres in Johnson City, Tennessee. Tiffany Stanley and her family began growing food for themselves as homesteaders, but saw demand from the local community. From this start in 2018, they expanded their operation into an abundant production featuring rare and heirloom fruits and vegetables, with a large focus on unique pepper varieties. Half of the farm is now a mixed orchard, planted with apples, peaches, nectarines, cherries, plums, pears, blackberries, raspberries and more. Rounding out the offerings at this diverse farm is a flock of heritage breed chickens that are pasture-raised. 

With the help of her son and husband, Tiffany grows over 300 types of peppers, mostly to create value-added products such as hot sauces, pickles, and jellies. The farm sells their pepper products and fresh produce at two local farmers markets, and a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) program. Their homesteading spirit continues to grow, as they look to limit outside inputs into the farm and build a sustainable system with on-farm fertility management. 

Producing On-Farm Compost to Reduce Inputs

A homesteader at heart, Tiffany wanted to explore how the farm could be more self-sustaining, especially in building their soil health with on-farm inputs. She was curious if the farm could make compost that could match the yields of commercial fertilizers. Building an on-farm compost regimen could help offset much of the fertilizer cost, and decrease the environmental footprint of the farm. There were a few factors that the farm considered: would the composting demand a lot more labor, would yields remain viable? As a family enterprise, there were risks in transitioning from a known and reliable yield from commercial fertilizers to a new and untested compost system.

Farm trial plan

With technical support from OFRF, Tiffany decided to get answers and compare two different on-farm compost recipes with her usual practice of applying Harmony, a granular fertilizer (5-4-3). Tiffany wanted to put her chickens to good use, so one compost recipe she wanted to try included chicken manure as the main nitrogen source for one of her compost formulas. Her second compost recipe in the trial used clover and fresh grass clippings as the main nitrogen source. Both recipes included wood chips as the primary carbon source. 

One of her best fall cash crops is cucumbers, so the trial was designed for Socrates cucumber, transplanted out from her greenhouse to be planted in a 12×24 hoophouse in mid-September. At the time of transplanting, Tiffany would apply the different treatments: Compost recipe 1, Compost recipe 2, or the commercial fertilizer, respectively.

In farm trials, it is key to keep things consistent, so Tiffany made sure to count each plant that was transplanted so that each block had the same number of cucumber plants. Once the cucumbers begin to set fruit, she will weigh the yield as well as count the number of cucumbers from each plot. She is hopeful that the results of this trial will help her work towards building her on farm fertility plans, and keep harvests bountiful. Stay tuned for updates on the farm trial outcomes and findings this fall!

“I had a friend that was retired from NRCS tell me about the program and encouraged me to apply.  I read many of the farm trials and what the program did to help organic farming and decided it was a wonderful opportunity.  I am always looking for a better, more sustainable way to farm and was so excited to get picked for this program.”  

– Tiffany Stanley, A Different Chick Farm

Research Results

Tiffany Stanley’s farmer-led trial examined whether the farm could make compost that could match the yields of commercial fertilizers, to support the farm to be more self-sustaining, and build soil health with on-farm inputs.

Key Findings:

  • Lab analysis showed that the green manure recipe had significantly lower nutrient availability than the chicken manure recipe (Figure 2). While this did not translate into statistically significant differences in fruit quantity or yield, differences in plant health and pest susceptibility were observed.

  • Plants grown with chicken manure exhibited robust growth and showed lesser aphid pressure. Plants grown with green manure and fertilizer demonstrated greater susceptibility to aphids, which may have been due to their lower nutrient availability and overall reduced plant health.

While the trial showed no statistically significant difference in cucumber quantity, yield, or average fruit weight between the treatments, Tiffany did notice that the cucumbers grown with chicken manure seemed healthier and more resistant to pest pressure. In the future, she plans to further experiment with her compost recipe, keeping chicken manure in the mix to help achieve her on-farm fertility goals.

For full details on the study’s methodology and results, read the final report.

This story is part of a series profiling farmers who are taking part in OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trials (FLT) program. Farmers receive technical support from OFRF to address their challenges through structured on-farm trials. To learn more about OFRF Farmer-Led Trials Program, visit our website page at https://ofrf.org/research/farmer-led-research-trials/

To learn more about composting and farm fertility programs check out these resources:

To learn more about A Different Chick Farm, you can find them on Instagram and Facebook or visit their website: https://adifferentchickfarm.com/ or watch a YouTube video they made about their Farmer-Led Trial.

By |2025-06-11T22:38:01-04:00October 10th, 2024|Farmer Stories, FLT Highlight, News|
Go to Top