TOPP

Building Organic Connections through the Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP)

Written by Clare Boland, OFRF Communications Manager

Chris Barnett: Finding a Path into Organic Farming

Farmer Chris Barnett walks through a wheat field. Source: Christopher Organic Farm

Chris Barnett of Christopher Organic Farm.

Chris Barnett describes himself as “a second-generation rancher and first-generation farmer.” He is the owner and operator of Christopher Organic Farm, a 1,600-acre livestock and organic row-crop farm in Fort Scott, Kansas. His family has been stewarding their land in Southeast Kansas for over 40 years, all without chemical inputs.

Returning to his family’s ranch as an adult, Chris took a leap into pursuing organic row crops in addition to ranching. In 2025, he began growing organic wheat, obtaining organic certification through OCIA.

After years of careful stewardship, Chris is beginning to see the results of his hard work: the native prairie is flourishing, wildlife is returning, and the health of his 300-head cow-calf herd is improving.

“It’s a whole ecosystem boost,” Chris says. “Everything is just flourishing out there. It’s been a beautiful process.”

As a first-generation farmer, and an organic farmer at that, mentorship was pivotal for Chris. Diving into certification, Chris said that the administrative side was daunting. He decided to enroll in the Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP) to ease the process.

“I wouldn’t be where I’m at, doing what I’m doing, without the TOPP program,” Chris shared. Through the TOPP program, he was matched with mentor Jack Gieger, of Gieger Grains in Robinson, Kansas. Since Chris’s land had been farmed without synthetic inputs, he was able to break sod and plant organic row crops in his first year. Throughout the process, Jack was a go-to source of information. “Because of my mentor, I successfully harvested a wheat crop my first year farming.” 

Through the program, he was also able to plug into existing organic markets and build relationships with other farmers. One of these farmers was Alan Wilson, of Renegade Farms.

Alan Wilson: Starting From Scratch

Alan Wilson poses on a tractor with his children.Source: Renegade Farms

Alan Wilson of Renegade Farms and his children.

Alan Wilson has started a farm from scratch—twice. A first-generation farmer, Alan began farming in 2015 with “zero acres and zero experience” in Northeast Kansas, before moving to Huntington, Indiana, where he has been farming for the last five years. Alan is the owner and operator of Renegade Farms, newly renamed, growing organic row crops including soybeans, corn, oats, and wheat. Cover crops are central to Alan’s farming philosophy: “We like to have something living in the ground 340 days out of the year, if we can get away with it.” 

Alan first turned to organic for a reliable income stream: “From the initial starting point, it was like how are we going to make farming work as a business and not a really expensive hobby?” But over time, the benefits to the land, and especially the soil, became more clear. “I understand that we’re taking [from the land], but we’re trying to give back at the same time.” 

Alan’s farm has been certified since 2018—of their 475 acres, 170 is certified organic, and about 275 are in transition. “I don’t think there’s been a year yet that we have not been transitioning land in some way, shape, or form.” Starting from scratch, starting over in a new location, and consistently transitioning land have had a steep learning curve for Alan, and, like Chris, he found guidance through peer networks and mentorship.

Alan first met Jack at a farming event and began to pick his brain about organic row crops to see if it would possibly be viable for his operation. Since then, Jack has been his main source of guidance. “I talk to him almost daily,” Alan shares.

Jack Geiger: Building a Network of Farmers

Jack Gieger speaking in front of his cattle. Source: Geiger Farms Youtube channel

Jack Geiger of Geiger Grains on his YouTube channel.

Jack Geiger’s family has been farming their land in Kansas since 1856, but the decision to farm organically was spurred by the 1980’s farm crisis. As the price of synthetic inputs became prohibitively expensive, organic methods presented a path to economic viability. Since Jack’s father certified the farm in the 1980s, they have been growing organically ever since.

Today, Jack owns and operates Geiger Grain in Robinson, Kansas, growing organic wheat and seed, and raising organically managed cattle. For Jack, sharing knowledge has been foundational to his farming career. At the time the farm became certified, “the organic movement” was still relatively new. To learn more about organic farming practices, he sought out other farmers in a similar situation. “I’m part of a class of five guys who all started out at basically the same time. We were young kids when the organic thing took off. And so we formed a peer network.”

In 2016, Jack began posting farming how-to videos on YouTube as Geiger Farms. The response was enthusiastic—the videos amassed over 3 million views on the platform, and farmers began reaching out to Jack for advice.

That’s how Jack met the first of his mentees. More recently, Jack became a mentor through the TOPP program. He says joining the program has encouraged him to “be more professional” in his mentoring. One example was creating a group chat for his mentees.

“Peer-to-peer learning is the most important. And the reality is, I am not a peer to most of them. They consider me to be like a subject matter expert. So when I started hooking the guys up amongst themselves, wonderful things happened.” 

Both Alan and Chris mentioned the 15-20 person group chat, where they share crop prices, input sources, marketing information, and practical advice. For Alan and Chris, who are both surrounded by conventional farming operations, the ability to get multiple perspectives from growers working in different regions, and quickly, has been a huge help. “I have the group listed as Jack’s Misguided Children,” Alan jokes.

Reciprocal Learning

Cows on the bunk at Geiger GrainsSource: Geiger Grain

Calves on the bunk at Geiger Grain.

For organic farmers, learning is an essential principle. “So much of organic is knowledge-based, but it’s also learning how to fine-tune that knowledge base to your particular climate and your particular skill set,” Jack shares. He sees a fundamental difference between what he calls conventional agriculture’s “farming by prescription” and the management required in organic agriculture. “There are basic rules and principles that all organic farmers are bound to, in the National Organic Standard, but you have to tune them to your abilities and to your environment. And that is the trick, because everybody has different abilities, and everybody has different skills.”

What works on Jack’s farm might not be a perfect fit for his mentees’ farms, but through adaptation, they can still learn from these organic strategies. One example of this is Alan incorporating livestock into his operation. Jack’s farm benefits from the integrated use of cattle, reducing his need for soil inputs and increasing the overall health of his land through grazing. Alan doesn’t raise livestock, but his neighbor does. This year, Alan began bringing his neighbor’s cows onto his land to help with his soil fertility.

Jack’s mentees have also challenged him to rethink some of his own practices, particularly their interest in organic no-till and lower-mechanization systems. Jack is a mechanized, full-till farmer. Their questions have pushed him to reconsider his own approach. “Their pursuit of no-till has inspired me over the last, you know, decade to increase my use of cover crops and reduce my tillage.”

“Mentoring is a two-way street,” Jack shares. “My mentees actually teach me just as much as I teach them. It’s a wonderful exercise where we both learn from each other.” 

Farmer Alan Wilson walking through a field hand in hand with his son. Source: Renegade Farms

Alan walks the farm with his son.

Alan echoed this sentiment, reflecting on how his relationships with other farmers have improved his craft. Farming takes a lot of trial and error, and learning through the organic farming community, you can save yourself some mistakes. “If you can learn something that’s going to save you two or three years’ worth of mistakes, that’s a big deal. It can save you a lot of time and a lot of heartache and a lot of financial stress as well.”

“I think that the organic farming community is one of the most open groups of people that are in competition with each other, maybe on the planet,” Alan says.

Chris agreed, sharing “TOPP is the most meaningful and impactful program available to anyone seeking to start or transition into organic farming.” 

Fostering these types of relationships is what Jack sees as the greatest benefit of the TOPP program. “[It’s] a wonderful program. The things that we have built and the relationships, they’re going to continue on long after this.” The farmers who receive guidance today may become mentors themselves, carrying knowledge into new communities and new farms. “I think of it as teaching teachers.”

For Chris, Alan, and Jack, TOPP didn’t just create mentor-mentee relationships; it created a growing network of farmers learning from each other.

“The best way to go through life,” Alan says. “To be continuously learning. And when you find something you love doing, learning isn’t painful, it’s enjoyable.”

Learn more about the Transition to Organic Partnership Program: 

By |2026-09-30T13:09:03-04:00September 30th, 2026|Farmer Stories, News|

Beating Pests and Disease: What Northwest Farmers and Researchers Have Learned the Hard Way

Written by: Mary Elizabeth Kidd, Communications Associate

As the Organic Farming Research Foundation (OFRF) team continues its work facilitating the USDA’s Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP) to strengthen organic farming communities and encourage farmers to transition their farming systems for organic certification, we’re hosting Seeds of Success virtual networking sessions across the country. 

These sessions give regional farmers a platform to share knowledge and ask questions about organic production systems and the organic certification process.

OFRF recently hosted a farmer- and researcher-led Seeds of Success panel discussion on the realities of pest and disease management for organic farms in the Northwest.

The featured panelists included: 

Sarahlee Lawrence,
Rainshadow Organics (Oregon)

Sarahlee Lawrence of Rainshadow Organics farm in Oregon standing in a vegetable field smiling with arms stretched out.

Ellie Costello,
Trust Land Farm (Montana)

Ellie Costello of Trust Land Farm in Montana smiling and wearing a sun hat

Dr. Robert Orpet,
Oregon State University

Robert Orpet, Assistant Professor of Entemology at Oregon State University, outdoors among yellow wildflowers.

When Weather Stresses Crops, Pests Move In

Pests and disease outbreaks, intensified by weather variations, are a persistent reality for farmers in the Northwest. 

Farmer panelists shared that environmental unpredictability, such as extreme drought in Oregon (Rainshadow Organics) and heavy, unpredictable rain in Montana (Trust Land Farm), is stressing plants, making them vulnerable to new and pre-existing threats, including beet curly top virus (BCTV), flea beetles, and spider mites.

During the discussion, panelists shared their backgrounds in farming and research, then each dove into key challenges on the pest and disease front and the tactics and tools they use to try to mitigate damage done and preempt future crop loss. 

The common themes of tenacity and critical thinking rang through, along with two wise concepts: diversity equals resilience, and just because a tactic or treatment fails doesn’t mean you’ve failed as a farmer. “‘You’re definitely trying’ is a mantra I need left and right when starting,” Ellie Costello echoed.

Meet the Panelists

Sarahlee Lawrence is the owner and lead farmer in her 17th season managing Rainshadow Organics, a full-circle, Real Organic Project-certified organic family farm located in Central Oregon with 20 hoophouses and 15 acres in production. She operates the farm as a full-diet operation, including grains, pork, beef, dairy, honey, meat, chickens, eggs, turkeys, and vegetables. Sarahlee farms year-round and offers CSA memberships, sells to wholesale outlets, and participates in farm-to-table events.

Ellie Costello serves as owner and farmer of Trust Land Farm in Missoula, Montana. She is in her third season at their current farm site, an eight-acre mixed-vegetable farm with approximately 4.5 acres in production. It is the first community land trust farm in Montana. They offer a farmstand market, a vegetable CSA, and U-pick. 

Dr. Robert Orpet, an Oregon State University Assistant Professor of Entomology, plays an active role in research, Extension services, and teaching, with a focus on integrated pest management (IPM) in orchard systems. He develops pest management programs for OSU’s research farm, and he sees farms like it as essential. With dedicated funding, staff, and acreage free from market pressures, research farms can take on pest and disease problems more intensively than working farms can.

Challenges & Responses

Each farmer panelist shared their top pest, disease, and weed pressures, along with the hard-won knowledge of what works and doesn’t work against these pressures on their farm.

Sarahlee Lawrence of Rainshadow Organics (Oregon):

Sarahlee Lawrence (Rainshadow Organics) shared that central Oregon, which is considered high desert, suffers from ongoing drought and high summer temperatures, facilitating aphids on their kale and spider mites on cucumbers, tomatillos, and eggplant.

“Cinerate is a cinnamon-based product that we’ve been pretty excited about for our hoop houses.” Lawrence shared that using this broad-spectrum fungicide/bactericide on susceptible crops, before heat and drought could further weaken their defenses, has proven successful.

This year brought a new pest and virus challenge. When four acres of beets were starting to shrivel, Lawrence decided to engage research support from Oregon State University (OSU). She shipped samples to OSU, where they identified beet curly top virus (BCTV), vectored by the beet leafhopper. While the cost for testing and a slow response time posed slight challenges, Lawrence shared that “in the grand scheme of things, it felt very worth it to be able to identify the fact that we do indeed have beet curly top virus, which affects almost everything we grow.” 

This confirmation helped Lawrence and her partner dive into possible solutions and connect with a researcher at Washington State University who specialized in BCTV and leafhoppers and their hugely detrimental impact on Columbia Basin farms.

“I did lose two successions of beets, and in my third succession, I was able to spray with neem oil as a deterrent blanket. You can’t really kill them [flea beetles]; they’re so mobile, and that’s not really how we approach things anyway here. We try to just have airflow and healthy plants; we do a lot of our own biodynamic teas and cultivate our soil and the soil community. These things interact to help the plants overcome these challenges.”

While Sarahlee and her team are still testing various approaches to eradicate this issue and mitigate damage, Dr. Orpet echoed the wisdom in Lawrence’s approach of reaching out to researchers, and he also recommends local Extension support. He spoke, too, about weighing the costs and benefits of aggressive (and often costly) treatments for this type of crop pressure. 

According to Dr. Orpet, farmers must clarify their economic threshold for treating these issues and whether the cost of intervention (spraying, etc.) will outweigh the cost of damage done. Seeking support from local Extension reps can help farmers gain a clearer picture of this threshold, while also offering possible solutions.

Ellie Costello of Trust Land Farm (Montana)

In Montana, Ellie Costello noted that her current focus is on crop planning to meet market and sustainability goals and address challenges from seasons past. 

“We are heavy greens-based operations, both for cut salad mixes and bunch greens. That’s the bulk of what we do for restaurants, wholesale, and direct sales. So having enough space between where things are planted from year to year in the brassica family to cut off flea beetles, which are one of our biggest pests, is really challenging.”

Even with strong crop rotations and minimal overlap, flea beetles are a tenacious pest, and Costello and her team are working to understand why certain spots harbor the beetles and continue to refine their rotation process. “We blocked all of our crops so that we can cut that off well.” 

Dr. Orpet confirmed that flea beetles are “one of a trifecta: flea beetles, cucumber beetles, and squash bugs. That trifecta is what vegetable farmers have the biggest problem with.”

Sarahlee Lawrence shared that at Rainshadow Organics, they’ve had success with beneficial nematodes, insect netting, and crop rotation. “I also hit my brassicas that really get destroyed with a neem and safer soap cocktail that has really knocked back the population this year. And this is actually the first year I’ve ever had Napa cabbage and Asian greens that are marketable.”

Nurturing Resilience

According to these farmers and researchers, crop diversity and strong community were cited as key indicators of success when facing the numerous challenges of organic farming.

Sarahlee Lawrence of Oregon’s Rainshadow Organics shared: “I continue to lean into some pretty epic diversity. We have a full-diet farm, so we raise meats, grains, vegetables; it’s a really complex place. And so when things start to look really challenging, you could lean into other parts of the farm and have resiliency there. Diversity equals resilience.”

Ellie Costello of Trust Land Farm cited a less-considered, but highly valuable resource: relationships with local market partners (including chefs and a local smoothie place) who are willing to work with holey greens, ensuring that damaged but still edible produce can retain value. She has also accessed NRCS support to help diagnose and tackle huge weed pressures.

Dr. Orpet added words of encouragement for organic farmers seeking to control the damage of pests and disease: “There are a lot of challenges and difficulties, but the intentions and the outcomes are amazing. The concept of sustainability is economic, environmental, and social. And so, you know, mentioning having a group message with other farmers and building a community is part of being organic and doing a good thing.”

Additional Resources

See below for resources from OFRF, including OFRF’s Research Hub, with scientific and technical resources addressing the above topics and beyond.

Overview of organic resources from OFRF:

  • OFRF’s Organic Research Hub: a curated collection of scientific and technical resources to help organic farmers understand and solve their production challenges.
  • Farmer-Led Trials: OFRF’s Farmer-Led Trials Program provides farmers with technical assistance and support to investigate and learn about solutions to their most pressing production challenges. Read more to find out how you can be part of this program!
  • The Farmers Guide to Conducting On-Farm Research: A guide for the organic farmer or rancher who is curious about conducting some type of trial or experiment on their farm in a more structured way. Whether you are looking to reduce the use of off-farm inputs, minimize disease pressure, try out new crop varieties or animal feed, or test new cover crop techniques or irrigation sensors, this practical guide was created to assist you along the way.

Connect with OFRF:

By |2026-09-30T11:07:43-04:00September 30th, 2026|News|

Your Region, Your Research: What’s New on the Organic Research Hub

Written by: Ashley Dulaney, OFRF’s Communications Director

Versión en español a continuación.

If you farm organic, you already know the problem: the research you need is out there, but finding it means digging through university extension sites, government databases, and search results that are built for conventional agriculture—not yours.

That’s exactly why OFRF built the Organic Research Hub and why we’re excited to share what’s new. 

What Is the Organic Research Hub?

OFRF's Organic Research Hub logo with an illustration of a hub-and-spoke visual with different illustrations in each spoke (farmers, cow, barn, wheat, magnifying glass over a leaf, beet in soil) with a map of the US with stars spread across it and a report-looking illustration below it, in the center of the illustration

The Organic Research Hub is a free, USDA-funded, searchable library of research-backed resources built specifically for organic and transitioning producers. Whether you’re navigating a conservation program like the Natural Resources Conservation Service’s Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) or Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP), working through your organic transition, or troubleshooting a challenge on the farm, the Hub puts practical, science-backed answers in one place, instead of scattered across the internet.

For many of the studies in the Hub, you don’t have to wade through a dense academic paper to get what you need. Our team translates the research into plain-language summaries that lay out the methods and outcomes up front, so you can see what was tested and what it means for your farm in a few minutes. Many resources already have summaries, and for those that don’t, we’re adding more all the time.

We’ve spent over three decades as a trusted source of organic farming research and technical guidance. The Hub makes that trove of knowledge searchable in one place for the first time.

What’s New on the Hub

Over the past few months, we’ve been adding new features based on what organic farmers have told us they need. Here’s what’s new:

Pages built for your region. 

The Hub now has dedicated pages for each of the six TOPP regions—Midwest, Northeast, Northwest, Plains, Southeast, and West/Southwest—bringing together the resources, experts, and grants most relevant to your climate, soil, and growing conditions. No more filtering through results that don’t apply to you. 

A bigger Directory of Experts. 

You can now search over 300 verified Extension agents, researchers, and technical service providers nationwide by name, state, region, or on a clickable map of the U.S. Every person listed is vetted by OFRF and works in organic or organic-adjacent agriculture, so you’re not sorting through contacts who don’t know the difference between organic and conventional practices. If you’d rather talk through a decision with a real person than read another factsheet, this is where to start.

You can now view the Hub in Spanish.

Growers can select their preferred language, English or Spanish, so more research is accessible to more farmers.

A dedicated USDA Organic Research Grant Database. 

Curious what organic research is currently being funded? You can now browse USDA OREI (Organic Agriculture Research & Extension Initiative) and ORG (Organic Transition Program) grant projects and reports directly, searchable by keyword, program, year, or award number.

Alerts that do the searching for you.

Set up a free, personalized alert by topic, region, or keyword, and new matching resources will land in your inbox daily, weekly, monthly, or as soon as they’re posted. Subscribe once, and stop searching the same terms over and over.

Get Your Region’s Resource Factsheet

Alongside the Hub itself, we’ve put together a printable, one-page factsheet for each region. It’s a quick reference guide to the research, tools, and local experts curated specifically for your area, plus a QR code straight to your region’s page on the Hub. 

Download your region’s factsheet below as it becomes available:

Front page of TOPP Midwest Organic Research Hub Regional factsheet

AR, IL, IN, IA, KY, MI, MN, MS, OH, TN, WI

Front page of TOPP Northwest Organic Research Hub Regional factsheet

AK, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY

Front page of TOPP SE Organic Research Hub Regional factsheet

AL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, PR, SC, USVI

Front page of TOPP West/Southwest Organic Research Hub Regional factsheet

 AZ, CA, HI, NV, NM, TX, UT

Coming Soon!

Plains
(CO, KS, NE, ND, OK, SD)

Northeast/Mid-Atlantic
(CT, DE, ME, MD, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, VT, VA, WV)

Want more organic farming resources for your region? Sign up here, and we’ll email them to you as they become available.

Explore What’s Been Built for You

The research, tools, and people you need to farm organically with confidence are already gathered in one place: the Organic Research Hub, built for your region, now in Spanish, and free to use.

Have a resource that should be included, or a question about what you find? Reach out to our team; we’re always adding to the Hub.

Su región, su investigación: lo nuevo en el Organic Research Hub

Si usted produce de manera orgánica, ya conoce el problema: la investigación que necesita existe, pero encontrarla implica rebuscar entre sitios de extensión universitaria, bases de datos gubernamentales y resultados de búsqueda pensados para la agricultura convencional, no para la suya.

Justamente por eso OFRF creó el Organic Research Hub y por eso nos entusiasma compartir las novedades. 

¿Qué es el Organic Research Hub?

OFRF's Organic Research Hub logo with an illustration of a hub-and-spoke visual with different illustrations in each spoke (farmers, cow, barn, wheat, magnifying glass over a leaf, beet in soil) with a map of the US with stars spread across it and a report-looking illustration below it, in the center of the illustration

El Organic Research Hub es una biblioteca gratuita, financiada por el USDA y con buscador, de recursos respaldados por la investigación, creada específicamente para productores orgánicos y en transición. Ya sea que usted esté gestionando un programa de conservación del Natural Resources Conservation Service (Servicio de Conservación de Recursos Naturales, NRCS) como el Environmental Quality Incentives Program (Programa de Incentivos para la Calidad Ambiental, EQIP) o el Conservation Stewardship Program (Programa de Administración de la Conservación, CSP), esté realizando su transición a lo orgánico o esté resolviendo un problema en la finca, el Hub reúne respuestas prácticas y con respaldo científico en un solo lugar, en vez de dispersas por todo el internet.

En muchos de los estudios del Hub, usted no tiene que abrirse paso entre un denso artículo académico para obtener lo que necesita. Nuestro equipo traduce la investigación a resúmenes en lenguaje sencillo que presentan los métodos y los resultados desde el inicio, para que en pocos minutos vea qué se puso a prueba y qué significa para su finca. Muchos recursos ya cuentan con resúmenes y, para los que aún no los tienen, seguimos agregando más todo el tiempo.

Llevamos más de tres décadas siendo una fuente confiable de investigación y orientación técnica sobre agricultura orgánica. El Hub hace que ese acervo de conocimiento sea consultable en un solo lugar por primera vez.

Lo nuevo en el Hub

Durante los últimos meses hemos agregado nuevas funciones a partir de lo que los agricultores orgánicos nos han dicho que necesitan. Esto es lo nuevo:

Páginas hechas para su región. 

El Hub ahora tiene páginas dedicadas a cada una de las seis regiones de TOPP — Medio Oeste, Noreste, Noroeste, Grandes Llanuras, Sureste y Oeste/Suroeste—que reúnen los recursos, expertos y subvenciones más pertinentes para su clima, su suelo y sus condiciones de cultivo. Ya no tendrá que filtrar resultados que no le aplican.

Un directorio de expertos más amplio. 

Ahora puede buscar entre más de 300 agentes de Extensión, investigadores y proveedores de servicios técnicos verificados de todo el país, por nombre, estado, región o en un mapa interactivo de los Estados Unidos. Cada persona incluida ha sido verificada por OFRF y trabaja en agricultura orgánica o afín a lo orgánico, así que usted no estará revisando contactos que no distinguen entre prácticas orgánicas y convencionales. Si prefiere conversar una decisión con una persona real en lugar de leer otra hoja informativa, este es el lugar para empezar.

Ahora puede ver el Hub en español.

Los productores pueden seleccionar su idioma preferido, inglés o español, para que más investigación sea accesible para más granjeros.

A dedicated USDA Organic Research Grant Database. 

Una base de datos dedicada a las subvenciones de investigación orgánica del USDA.
¿Le interesa saber qué investigación orgánica se está financiando actualmente? Ahora puede consultar directamente los proyectos e informes de las subvenciones OREI, Iniciativa de Investigación y Extensión en Agricultura Orgánica y ORG, Programa de Transición Orgánica del USDA con búsqueda por palabra clave, programa, año o número de adjudicación.

Alertas que buscan por usted.

Configure una alerta gratuita y personalizada por tema, región o palabra clave, y los nuevos recursos que coincidan llegarán a su correo a diario, semanalmente, mensualmente o apenas se publiquen. Suscríbase una vez y deje de buscar los mismos términos una y otra vez.

Obtenga la hoja informativa de recursos de oeste/suroeste

Junto con el Hub, hemos preparado una hoja informativa imprimible de una página para el oeste/suroeste. Es una guía de referencia rápida sobre la investigación, las herramientas y los expertos locales seleccionados específicamente para su zona, además de un código QR que lleva directamente a la página de su región en el Hub. 

Descargue la hoja informativa del oeste/suroeste:

Explore lo que se construyó para usted

La investigación, las herramientas y las personas que usted necesita para producir de manera orgánica con confianza ya están reunidas en un solo lugar: el Organic Research Hub, creado para su región, ahora en español y de uso gratuito.

¿Quiere más recursos de agricultura orgánica para su región? Regístrese aquí y se los enviaremos por correo electrónico conforme estén disponibles.

¿Tiene un recurso que debería incluirse o una pregunta sobre lo que encontró? Comuníquese con nuestro equipo; siempre estamos agregando contenido al Hub.

By |2026-10-02T11:56:28-04:00September 25th, 2026|News|

Start Here! An Organic Farmer/Rancher’s Guide to Government Programs

Versión en español a continuación.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers myriad programs to farmers and ranchers seeking financial and technical assistance support. But with so many options, it can be hard to know where to start! OFRF has made a series of guides to demystify government programs, with easy, step-by-step application support. Use this guide to find the specific help you’re looking for, so you can get off your computer and back into the field!

What type of support do you need?

Tip: Get into the System Early! Most government assistance programs require you to have an account with farmers.gov. The sooner your farm is verified and in the system, the sooner you can begin accessing USDA resources.

Funding and Financial Resources

Accessing funding is a vital part of every farm’s journey. Whether you are looking to purchase land, insure your crops, fund a new conservation or research projects, or just cover day to day operation costs, financial resources are available to you!

Farm Service Agency (FSA) Loans

Accessing funding is a vital part of every farm’s journey. Whether you are looking to purchase land, insure your crops, fund a new conservation or research projects, or just cover day to day operation costs, financial resources are available to you!

The Farm Service Agency (FSA) is a crucial financing resource for farmers. It can help guarantee loans made by commercial lenders or issue direct loans to farmers when they cannot access credit or favorable terms and rates from a bank. The FSA can also be the “Lender of First Opportunity” for beginning farmers.

Eligible Applicants: Family-size farmers/ranchers who cannot obtain commercial credit from a bank, Farm Credit System institution, or other lender.

Funding Available: Direct and guaranteed farm ownership (FO) and operating loans (OL).

Projects Funded: FSA offers a variety of loan types including but not limited to: farm ownership and operating, beginning farmers, emergencies, and more.

Application Deadline: Applications are accepted on a rolling basis.

Whole Farm Revenue Program (WFRP)

The Whole-Farm Revenue Protection (WFRP) policy is a crop insurance option developed by the Risk Management Agency (RMA) and administered by the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC). Through WFRP, farmers can get a single crop insurance policy for their entire farm, making it a great option for organic and diversified farms.

Eligible Applicants: Farmers/Ranchers in the U.S. or territories. It is best suited to farms with a range of commodities that sell to wholesale markets.

Insurance Coverage: WFRP protects against revenue loss due to natural disasters or market shifts, up to $17 million. Actual coverage amount will depend on the specific farm. Use our WFRP calculator to get an estimate!

Application Deadline: Dates will vary by crop and location, with the first filing date usually occurring in Spring.

More Financial Opportunities

If you are looking for financial support for organic certification, see OCCSP.

If you are looking for financial support for implementing conservation practices on your farm, see EQIP or CSP.

If you are looking for financial support for research projects on your farm, see SARE.

USDA Organic Certification

The USDA’s National Organic Program (NOP) is a federal regulatory program that enforces standards for organic products sold in the U.S. Farmers pursue organic certification for various reasons, including improving soil health, reducing reliance on synthetic inputs, enhancing biodiversity, contributing to a more sustainable food system, and taking advantage of the economic opportunities it presents, such as accessing new organic markets and higher price premiums. Certification requires additional recordkeeping, and may include a transitional period before certification can be administered. If you’ve decided that certification is the right path for your farm, we have resources to guide you through.

Organic Certification Cost Share Program (OCCSP)

The Organic Certification Cost Share Program (OCCSP) is a USDA program that helps cover part of your organic certification costs, including registration in a state organic program. In the past, the OCCSP has reimbursed 75% of fees up to a maximum of $750 per scope. Scopes include crops, wild crops, livestock, and processing/handling.

Eligible Applicants: Certified organic producers and handlers in the United States or its territories.

Funding Available: 75% reimbursement of their organic certification fees up to a maximum of $750 per certification. If you have multiple certification scopes, you can apply for assistance with each certification.

Covered Costs: Application fees, organic inspection costs, fees related to equivalency requirements, travel and per diem fees for inspectors, user fees, sales assessments, and postage.

Application Deadline: Applications are generally due at the end of the calendar year.

The Organic Transition Initiative (OTI)

The Organic Transition Initiative (OTI) is a USDA agency that works to help transitioning farmers. Before becoming certified organic, farmers must complete a 36-month period managing their land without prohibited inputs. This time period can present challenges for growers, as their land adapts to organic management and they are not yet benefiting from the higher price premium from the organic label. Explore OTI’s resources to aid with the transitional period.

Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP)

The Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP) is a collaborative partnership created to guide transitioning farmers. Through the program, producers can be matched with a mentor to guide them through becoming certified organic and offer ongoing support.

Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Support

NRCS offers help to producers implementing conservation activities required for certification, receiving expert technical support, and recovering foregone income due to reduced yields during the organic transition period through OTI. Read our guide to learn how to communicate with your NRCS agent about accessing support for your organic transition.

If you are looking for support on implementing conservation practices on your farm, see Increasing Conservation.

Learn more about USDA Organic Certification

The organic transition period and USDA requirements present a learning curve for farmers. Luckily, we have advice from farmers who have done it before!

Increasing Conservation

The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is a federal agency that supports the adoption of conservation practices by providing farmers, ranchers, foresters, and landowners with technical and financial assistance. They work to address resource concerns related to soil, water, plants, animals, air, and energy; help producers and landowners achieve conservation goals; and enhance the long-term sustainability of US agriculture. If you are interested in increasing conservation practices on your land, your local NRCS office is a good place to start!

NRCS Farmer Stories:

Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)

The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) from NRCS offers a variety of technical and financial assistance opportunities for farmers and ranchers, including the High Tunnel Initiative, the On Farm Energy Initiative, and the Organic Initiative.

Eligible Applicants: Agricultural producers; non-industrial private forest-owners; federally recognized tribes; water management entities.

Funding Available: Cost-share covering building, resource, and labor costs. Amount of funding varies on availability.

Projects Funded: New projects or infrastructure addressing a natural resource concern. Ex. building a high tunnel, establishing a cover cropping system, fencing for rotational grazing.

Project Length: 1-10 years.

Application Deadline: Applications are accepted on a rolling basis throughout the year, with the first batching deadline generally falling in early January.

Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP)

The Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) from NRCS offers technical and financial assistance to help agricultural and forest producers take their conservation efforts to the next level, through practices like cover cropping, integrated grazing, supporting wildlife habitats, and more.

Eligible Applicants: Agricultural producers; non-industrial private forest-owners; federally recognized tribes.

Funding Available: Annual minimum payments of $4,000.

Projects Funded: Projects that maintain or enhance conservation efforts, e.g., trialing new cover crop mixes, planting agroforestry projects, increasing pollinator habitats.

Project Length: 5 years, with renewal available.

Application Deadline: Applications are accepted on a rolling basis throughout the year, with the first batching deadline generally falling in early January.

CSP Farmer Stories

EQIP and CSP: What’s the Difference? Both programs provide funding opportunities for conservation efforts, and many farmers use both on their farm. EQIP is a cost-share program for projects that address a specific natural resource concern and establish a new conservation practice (like establishing a cover cropping system or planting natives to reduce erosion). CSP provides annual payments to help farmers maintain or enhance existing conservation strategies on their farm (like trialing new cover crop mixes or planting natives to increase pollinator habitats). EQIP contracts are a specified length (1-10 years), while CSP contracts are 5 years and can be renewed. Farmers often start with an EQIP contract to address a specific issue, and then maintain the practice through an ongoing CSP contract.

Conservation Programs and Organic Certification

Despite both being administered by USDA, NRCS conservation practices and USDA certification requirements may not perfectly align. NRCS’s Technical Note 12 strives to bridge that gap, outlining the overlap between NRCS resource concerns and NOP organic standards.

Conducting Research

Organic farmers and ranchers often test and experiment with new ideas to improve their farming operations. If you are looking to turn your informal farm research into more structured research projects, OFRF has the tools to get you started!

Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE)

The Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) Farmer/Rancher Grant Program is a competitive grant program that provides funding to producers who have designed their own research projects and teams. This program aims to award funding to projects that address real-world, on-farm challenges and include both research and outreach components.

Eligible Applicants: Commercial farmers and ranchers with an income of at least $1,000 annually.

Funding Available: Financial assistance for the entirety of your proposed project, up $15,000-35,000; varies regionally.

Projects Funded: SARE provides grants for the entirety of a research project, from designing the trial to sharing the results. Ex. Trialing organic pest or weed management strategies, comparing cover crop mixes or rotations, testing compost or organic fertilizer effects.

Project Length: Between 1-3 years, depending on region.

Application Deadline: Applications vary by region between early fall and late winter.

Find your SARE Region: There are four SARE regions and requirements and funding availability may vary based on location.

Northeast SARE: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.

North Central SARE: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin.

Southern SARE: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Virginia.

Western SARE: Alaska, American Samoa, Arizona, California, Colorado, CNMI, FSM, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.

Getting Started with On-Farm Research

SARE favors farmers who have a developed research proposal and have made connections with research professionals. If you are looking to dip your toe into more structured research before submitting a SARE proposal, explore our resources!

All of this information is summarized in a printable, downloadable PDF below, available in English and Spanish.

¡Empiece aquí! Guía de programas del gobierno para agricultores y ganaderos orgánicos

El Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos (USDA, por sus siglas en inglés) ofrece innumerables programas para agricultores y ganaderos que buscan apoyo con asistencia financiera y técnica. Pero, con tantas opciones, ¡puede ser difícil saber por dónde empezar! OFRF ha creado una serie de guías para quitar los mitos acerca de los programas del gobierno, con apoyo sencillo y paso a paso para aplicar. Use esta guía para encontrar la ayuda específica que está buscando, ¡para que pueda dejar la computadora y volver al campo!

¿Qué tipo de apoyo necesita?

Consejo: ¡entre al sistema con anticipación! La mayoría de los programas de asistencia del gobierno requieren que usted tenga una cuenta en farmers.gov. Cuanto antes su granja esté verificada y registrada en el sistema, más pronto podrá comenzar a acceder a los recursos del USDA.

Fondos y recursos financieros

El acceso a fondos es una parte vital del camino de toda granja. Ya sea que usted busque comprar tierras, asegurar sus cultivos, financiar un nuevo proyecto de conservación o de investigación, o simplemente cubrir los costos de operación del día a día, ¡hay recursos financieros disponibles para usted!

Préstamos de la Agencia de Servicios Agrícolas (FSA)

La Agencia de Servicios Agrícolas (FSA, por sus siglas en inglés) es un recurso de financiamiento crucial para los agricultores. Puede ayudar a garantizar préstamos otorgados por prestamistas comerciales o emitir préstamos directos a los agricultores cuando estos no pueden acceder a crédito o a condiciones y tasas favorables en un banco. La FSA también puede ser el “prestamista de primera oportunidad” para agricultores que están iniciando.

Solicitantes elegibles: Agricultores y ganaderos de escala familiar que no pueden obtener crédito comercial de un banco, de una institución del Farm Credit System o de otro prestamista.

Fondos disponibles: Préstamos directos y garantizados para propiedad agrícola (FO, por sus siglas en inglés) y de operación (OL, por sus siglas en inglés).

Proyectos financiados: La FSA ofrece una variedad de tipos de préstamos que incluyen, entre otros: propiedad y operación agrícola, agricultores que están iniciando, emergencias y más.

Fecha límite de solicitud: Las solicitudes se aceptan de forma continua.

Programa de Protección de Ingresos para Toda la Granja (WFRP)

La póliza de Protección de Ingresos para Toda la Granja (WFRP, por sus siglas en inglés) es una opción de seguro de cultivos desarrollada por la Agencia de Manejo de Riesgos (RMA, por sus siglas en inglés) y administrada por la Corporación Federal de Seguros de Cosechas (FCIC, por sus siglas en inglés). A través del WFRP, los agricultores pueden obtener una sola póliza de seguro de cultivos para toda su granja, lo que la convierte en una gran opción para granjas orgánicas y diversificadas.

Solicitantes elegibles: Agricultores y ganaderos en los Estados Unidos o sus territorios. Es más adecuada para granjas con una variedad de productos que venden a mercados mayoristas.

Cobertura del seguro: El WFRP protege contra la pérdida de ingresos debida a desastres naturales o cambios en el mercado, hasta $17 millones. El monto real de la cobertura dependerá de cada granja. ¡Use nuestra calculadora del WFRP para obtener un estimado!

Fecha límite de solicitud: Las fechas varían según el cultivo y la ubicación; la primera fecha de presentación suele ocurrir en la primavera.

Más oportunidades financieras

Si busca apoyo financiero para la certificación orgánica, consulte el OCCSP.

Si busca apoyo financiero para implementar prácticas de conservación en su granja, consulte el EQIP o el CSP.

Si busca apoyo financiero para proyectos de investigación en su granja, consulte SARE.

Certificación orgánica del USDA

El Programa Nacional Orgánico (NOP, por sus siglas en inglés) del USDA es un programa regulatorio federal que hace cumplir las normas para los productos orgánicos que se venden en los Estados Unidos. Los agricultores buscan la certificación orgánica por diversas razones, entre ellas: mejorar la salud del suelo, reducir la dependencia de insumos sintéticos, aumentar la biodiversidad, contribuir a un sistema alimentario más sostenible y aprovechar las oportunidades económicas que esta presenta, como el acceso a nuevos mercados orgánicos y a precios más altos. La certificación requiere llevar registros adicionales y puede incluir un período de transición antes de que la certificación pueda otorgarse. Si usted ha decidido que la certificación es el camino correcto para su granja, tenemos recursos para guiarle en el proceso.

Programa de Costos Compartidos para la Certificación Orgánica (OCCSP)

El Programa de Costos Compartidos para la Certificación Orgánica (OCCSP, por sus siglas en inglés) es un programa del USDA que ayuda a cubrir parte de sus costos de certificación orgánica, incluida la inscripción en un programa orgánico estatal. En el pasado, el OCCSP ha reembolsado el 75% de las tarifas, hasta un máximo de $750 por alcance. Los alcances incluyen cultivos, cultivos silvestres, ganado y procesamiento/manejo.

Solicitantes elegibles: Productores y manejadores orgánicos certificados en los Estados Unidos o sus territorios.

Fondos disponibles: Reembolso del 75% de las tarifas de certificación orgánica, hasta un máximo de $750 por certificación. Si usted tiene múltiples alcances de certificación, puede solicitar asistencia para cada certificación.

Costos cubiertos: Tarifas de aplicación, costos de inspección orgánica, tarifas relacionadas con requisitos de equivalencia, viáticos de los inspectores, tarifas de usuario, contribuciones sobre ventas y franqueo postal.

Fecha límite de solicitud: Las solicitudes generalmente vencen al final del año calendario.

La Iniciativa de Transición Orgánica (OTI)

La Iniciativa de Transición Orgánica (OTI, por sus siglas en inglés) es una iniciativa del USDA que trabaja para ayudar a los agricultores en transición. Antes de obtener la certificación orgánica, los agricultores deben completar un período de 36 meses manejando sus tierras sin insumos prohibidos. Este período puede presentar desafíos para los productores, mientras sus tierras se adaptan al manejo orgánico y aún no se benefician del precio más alto de la etiqueta orgánica. Explore los recursos de la OTI como apoyo durante el período de transición.

Programa de Asociación para la Transición Orgánica (TOPP)

El Programa de Asociación para la Transición Orgánica (TOPP, por sus siglas en inglés) es una alianza colaborativa creada para guiar a los agricultores en transición. A través del programa, los productores pueden ser emparejados con un mentor que les guíe en el proceso de obtener la certificación orgánica y les ofrezca apoyo continuo.

Apoyo del Servicio de Conservación de Recursos Naturales (NRCS)

A través de la OTI, el NRCS ofrece ayuda a los productores para implementar las actividades de conservación requeridas para la certificación, recibir apoyo técnico especializado y recuperar los ingresos no percibidos debido a la reducción de rendimientos durante el período de transición orgánica. Lea nuestra guía para aprender a comunicarse con su agente del NRCS sobre cómo acceder a apoyo para su transición orgánica.

Si busca apoyo para implementar prácticas de conservación en su granja, consulte Aumentar la conservación.

Conozca más sobre la certificación orgánica del USDA

El período de transición orgánica y los requisitos del USDA representan una curva de aprendizaje para los agricultores. Por suerte, ¡tenemos consejos de agricultores que ya lo han hecho!

Aumentando la conservación

El Servicio de Conservación de Recursos Naturales (NRCS, por sus siglas en inglés) es una agencia federal que apoya la adopción de prácticas de conservación brindando asistencia técnica y financiera a agricultores, ganaderos, silvicultores y propietarios de tierras. Trabaja para atender los problemas de recursos relacionados con el suelo, el agua, las plantas, los animales, el aire y la energía; ayudar a los productores y propietarios de tierras a alcanzar sus metas de conservación; y mejorar la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de la agricultura de los Estados Unidos. Si le interesa aumentar las prácticas de conservación en sus tierras, ¡su oficina local del NRCS es un buen lugar para empezar!

Historias de agricultores con el NRCS

Programa de Incentivos para la Calidad Ambiental (EQIP)

El Programa de Incentivos para la Calidad Ambiental (EQIP, por sus siglas en inglés) del NRCS ofrece una variedad de oportunidades de asistencia técnica y financiera para agricultores y ganaderos, incluidas la Iniciativa de Túneles Altos, la Iniciativa de Energía en la Granja y la Iniciativa Orgánica.

Solicitantes elegibles: Productores agrícolas; propietarios de bosques privados no industriales; tribus reconocidas a nivel federal; entidades de manejo del agua.

Fondos disponibles: Costos compartidos que cubren costos de construcción, recursos y mano de obra. El monto del financiamiento varía según la disponibilidad.

Proyectos financiados: Proyectos nuevos o infraestructura que atiendan un problema de recursos naturales. Ej.: construir un túnel alto, establecer un sistema de cultivos de cobertura, cercar para pastoreo rotativo.

Duración del proyecto: De 1 a 10 años.

Fecha límite de solicitud: Las solicitudes se aceptan de forma continua durante todo el año, y la primera fecha límite de agrupación generalmente cae a principios de enero.

Programa de Administración para la Conservación (CSP)

El Programa de Administración para la Conservación (CSP, por sus siglas en inglés) del NRCS ofrece asistencia técnica y financiera para ayudar a los productores agrícolas y forestales a llevar sus esfuerzos de conservación al siguiente nivel, mediante prácticas como cultivos de cobertura, pastoreo integrado, apoyo a los hábitats de vida silvestre y más.

Solicitantes elegibles: Productores agrícolas; propietarios de bosques privados no industriales; tribus reconocidas a nivel federal.

Fondos disponibles: Pagos anuales mínimos de $4,000.

Proyectos financiados: Proyectos que mantienen o mejoran los esfuerzos de conservación, p. ej., probar nuevas mezclas de cultivos de cobertura, plantar proyectos agroforestales, aumentar los hábitats de polinizadores.

Duración del proyecto: 5 años, con posibilidad de renovación.

Fecha límite de solicitud: Las solicitudes se aceptan de forma continua durante todo el año, y la primera fecha límite de agrupación generalmente cae a principios de enero.

Historias de agricultores con el CSP

El EQIP y el CSP: ¿cuál es la diferencia? Ambos programas ofrecen oportunidades de financiamiento para esfuerzos de conservación, y muchos agricultores usan ambos en su granja. El EQIP es un programa de costos compartidos para proyectos que atienden un problema específico de recursos naturales y establecen una práctica de conservación nueva (como establecer un sistema de cultivos de cobertura o plantar especies nativas para reducir la erosión). El CSP ofrece pagos anuales para ayudar a los agricultores a mantener o mejorar estrategias de conservación existentes en su granja (como probar nuevas mezclas de cultivos de cobertura o plantar especies nativas para aumentar los hábitats de polinizadores). Los contratos del EQIP tienen una duración determinada (de 1 a 10 años), mientras que los contratos del CSP son de 5 años y pueden renovarse. Los agricultores a menudo comienzan con un contrato del EQIP para atender un problema específico y luego mantienen la práctica mediante un contrato continuo del CSP.

Los Programas de Conservación y la Certificación Orgánica

A pesar de que ambos son administrados por el USDA, las prácticas de conservación del NRCS y los requisitos de certificación del USDA pueden no estar perfectamente alineados. La Nota Técnica 12 del NRCS busca cerrar esa brecha, describiendo la superposición entre los problemas de recursos del NRCS y las normas orgánicas del NOP.

Realizando investigaciones

Los agricultores y ganaderos orgánicos a menudo prueban y experimentan con nuevas ideas para mejorar sus operaciones agrícolas. Si usted busca convertir su investigación agrícola informal en proyectos de investigación más estructurados, ¡OFRF tiene las herramientas para que empiece!

Investigación y Educación en Agricultura Sostenible (SARE)

El Programa de Subvenciones para Agricultores/Ganaderos de Investigación y Educación en Agricultura Sostenible (SARE, por sus siglas en inglés) es un programa competitivo de subvenciones que otorga fondos a productores que han diseñado sus propios proyectos y equipos de investigación. Este programa busca financiar proyectos que atiendan desafíos reales dentro de la granja y que incluyan componentes tanto de investigación como de divulgación.

Solicitantes elegibles: Agricultores y ganaderos comerciales con un ingreso de al menos $1,000 anuales.

Fondos disponibles: Asistencia financiera para la totalidad del proyecto propuesto, de $15,000 a $35,000; varía según la región.

Proyectos financiados: SARE ofrece subvenciones para la totalidad de un proyecto de investigación, desde el diseño del ensayo hasta la difusión de los resultados. Ej.: probar estrategias orgánicas de manejo de plagas o malezas, comparar mezclas o rotaciones de cultivos de cobertura, evaluar los efectos del compost o de fertilizantes orgánicos.

Duración del proyecto: 

Fecha límite de solicitud: Las solicitudes varían por región entre principios del otoño y finales del invierno.

Encuentre su región de SARE: Hay cuatro regiones de SARE, y los requisitos y la disponibilidad de fondos pueden variar según la ubicación.

Northeast SARE: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.

North Central SARE: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin.

Southern SARE: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, U.S. Virgin Islands, Virginia.

Western SARE: Alaska, American Samoa, Arizona, California, Colorado, CNMI, FSM, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.

Cómo comenzar con la investigación en la granja

SARE favorece a los agricultores que tienen una propuesta de investigación desarrollada y que han establecido conexiones con profesionales de la investigación. Si usted quiere adentrarse en una investigación más estructurada antes de presentar una propuesta a SARE, ¡explore nuestros recursos!

Toda esta información se resume en un PDF imprimible y descargable a continuación, disponible en inglés y español.

By |2026-10-02T10:18:08-04:00September 16th, 2026|Federal Assistance, News, Spanish Resources|

Using Synergy, Conservation Practices, and NRCS Support to Save Citrus with Uncle Matt’s Organic

Written by Mary Elizabeth Kidd, OFRF Communications Associate

OFRF is currently working to increase farmer and community awareness of the federal funding opportunities available to organic and transitioning farms. 

As part of our work with the Southeast region of the USDA’s Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP), we’re spotlighting the experience of Uncle Matt’s Organic and McLean Family Farms in Clermont, Florida, that received funding and support through the Natural Resource Conservation Service’s Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP).

Their story offers a transparent look at what it’s really like to work with NRCS: the benefits, the obstacles, and the lessons they’ve learned. We hope other farmers can use their experience to navigate the process of applying for and implementing contracts more easily.

Meet Ben McLean III of Uncle Matt’s Organic and McLean Family Farms

Photo Courtesy of Ben McLean III

Location: Clermont, Florida (Lake County, west of Orlando)

Established: family farm established in the 1880s, Uncle Matt’s Organic established in 1999

Acres: 50

Production: Citrus

Certification: USDA Certified Organic via QCS since 2003

Staff: 15 full-time employees (as of EQIP contract phase)

Markets: Sell directly to grocery outlets including Whole Foods, Target, Publix, and more (20,000+ locations)

As the Head of Research with Uncle Matt’s Organic and a fourth-generation citrus farmer with McLean Family Farms, Ben McLean III is harnessing science, a robust network of experts and support, and family legacy to help safeguard the future of citrus in Florida and around the world.

Members of the OFRF team recently spoke to Ben to learn more about his experience accessing NRCS’ Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and how this program and its resulting wins and learnings can help fellow growers. 

>> Learn more: Listen to Ben McLean III on the Food for You and the Planet podcast.

About the Farmers

Angus Benjamin McLean, Ben McLean III’s great-grandfather, began citrus farming on the family’s Bartow, Florida, property in the 1880s. Ben’s grandfather, father, and siblings have continued the family legacy, weathering the uncertainties of ecological and economic change to help keep citrus farming alive in central Florida.

Ben received his master’s degree in Horticulture Science from the University of Florida and consistently works closely with university researchers and members of the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS) to explore and advance citrus research and conservation efforts. He’s traveled to Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil and South Africa to learn from citrus growers around the world and to share his knowledge, including learnings from his EQIP contract with NRCS.

His ability to activate a synergistic network of grower organizations, learning opportunities through these organizations and the USDA, and a community of experts, researchers, and farming peers continues to create opportunities for him to grow the family farm business and act as a leader in the citrus and sustainable agriculture spaces.

Context & Challenges

The top concern of Ben, his team, and the researchers they work with is citrus greening disease, also known as Citrus Huanglongbing, or Citrus HLB.  Within the last 30 years, this disease caused by the bacterium (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) and vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid has destroyed over 75% of Florida’s citrus production.

Citrus greening continues to cripple Florida’s citrus production, and Ben is on a mission to facilitate research to protect Florida citrus. His NRCS EQIP contract, discussed below, played a role in the promising research they’re facilitating towards this mission.

The McLean family originally managed over 1,200 acres in organic citrus production in 2008, which dropped to 600 acres in 2015, and now hovers around 50 acres, with 15 acres focused heavily on research to combat the disease. 

This dramatic drop in acreage is also the result of weather events and real estate development. Since 2004, Ben cites five major hurricanes (with landfall), tropical storms, and dramatic variations in temperature and precipitation with wreaking significant damage to their citrus groves. Their humid, subtropical climate means that weeds thrive almost year-round and represent a key challenge and focus point in their organic research and practices.

Real estate development has impacted both land and labor availability. In the past, farmers like the McLeans  could rely on a steady supply of H-2A workers (temporary agricultural labor), particularly during harvest season. However, many of those workers are now drawn to the abundance of higher paying job opportunities associated with urban development.

Why Organic?

In Ben’s almost 30-year career farming organically, he and his family have witnessed the resilience and fortifying biodiversity that organic practices bring to their crops. “Trying to withstand these increased environmental, pest, and other pressures, you have to create resilience. And conservation practices help you create that resilience in your property, your soil, with your own biology.”

Ben credits his grandfather, a vocal proponent of conservation practices like cover cropping, for introducing him to the benefits of organic farming practices. In the era before conventional herbicides and pesticides became the norm, his grandfather was using methods that are now labeled as organic and sustainable, but were then considered reliable, “old way” farming practices. From the focus on hand labor and simple tools to organic fertilizers such as Feather Meal, to natural pesticides such as botanical oils derived from Neem trees to liquid lime sulfur, Ben cites that today “the toolbox for the organic production of citrus is solid.”

Practically speaking, as Ben and his father and brother were establishing Uncle Matt’s Organic Farm Plan and citrus acreage: “we wanted to be price makers, not price takers,” focusing on high quality and nutrient density- and the market for organic fresh fruit and juices supported their decision to certify and remain organic.

Ben first learned about the opportunity to receive reimbursements for organic practices through farming peers in the Florida Organic Growers network who had success with NRCS programs such as EQIP and CSP.

Working with NRCS

Application Process

Ben’s first experience with federal funding for farmers came via Farm Service Agency (FSA) support after a series of hurricanes devastated central Florida in the early 2000s. Registering with the FSA became a catalyst for other emergency relief and would eventually streamline their application process for their EQIP contract around 2009.

Ben shared: “I encourage any grower to go visit your local FSA office, get your property registered, and get on their mailing list. You’ll find out about workshops, visiting researchers, conferences, and programs.” 

One challenge farmers often cite in both the organic certification process and the process of applying for NRCS support is paperwork and recordkeeping. This presented a unique challenge for the McLeans as portions of their farm plan included separate groves that were leased, or were owned by other investors. While the Farm Plan as a whole is managed organically and operates cohesively, the individual leased or separately owned components required more complex recordkeeping, with some properties required to have their own EQIP contracts. Fortunately, their office manager, a trained accountant and bookkeeper, plus a supportive NRCS rep ensured a relatively smooth process.

“Ask your NRCS agent. I asked a lot of questions, and I got a lot of help. We can’t be afraid to ask the questions.”

Implementation

Between 2009 and 2012, Ben and his team implemented an EQIP contract focused on cover cropping (primarily cowpea), nutrient sampling (through soil and leaf analysis), and pest management.

Why cover cropping? “One last challenge we all face is water, right?” Ben shared, “With our location and development along the coastlines, we get saltwater intrusion and limitations on water usage, which is why these conservation efforts, especially cover crops and composting, are so important for water use and drought management.”

While cover cropping was already a familiar practice to the McLeans, getting EQIP compensation for this work helped propel them towards better testing and enabled them to bring on a full-time team member to manage the practices. 

They continue cover cropping and conducting related research to this day, thanks in part to their successful EQIP contract.

Cowpea cover crop planted working with UF Researcher, Courtesy of Ben McLean III

Outcomes & Challenges

For him, the primary benefit of implementing cover cropping was the increase in available nitrogen and other nutrients; the secondary benefit was root exudates that help in managing  nematodes, and the unexpected benefit was the increase in native pollinators.

Through soil sampling and other analysis, they were able to measure 25% more manganese availability within 90 days of planting. And the resulting biodiversity from cover cropping meant that their orchard, with its 6-foot strips of flowering cowpea and sunn hemp, created wonderful insectaries with honeybees, bumblebees, native pollinators, beetles, and other deterrents to harmful insect pathogens.

Cover cropping continues in 2026 with University of Florida researchers and Jarred Eddy of Central Florida Ag Services. Pictured above: a Massey Ferguson Grain Drill planting cover crops (left) and compost spreader utilizing Florida-based Veransa compost (right). Photos courtesy of Ben McLean III.

Advice to Farmers

“The good news that I would share with anybody considering either the transition to organic or applying for NRCS support: it can be done.” Ben continues, “It was easier than I thought, and I received excellent help from our local FSA and NRCS staff in both Lake County and Polk County. There is paperwork, but it’s worth doing, and it creates value in your long-term farm plan. It opens doors to you, and you’ll get access to information you may not have had.”

He also cites thorough recordkeeping and the support of staff and recordkeeping accountants as a key factor in the smoothness of the process.

Furthermore, he echoes familiar farmer advice: lean on other farmers and mentors. Networks and neighbors can both serve as tremendous support for growers at any experience level. 

“I encourage farmers to go to your Extension workshops, go to your university workshops, go to USDA workshops or field days.  And get to know your neighbors, get to know other farmers, join your grower organizations. This is where you’ll meet people from NRCS and can ask about their programs. Don’t be afraid to ask a lot of questions.”

Ready to Apply? Here Are a Few Helpful Resources

If you’re a farmer considering applying for EQIP or other NRCS programs, here are some helpful tools to get started:

Additional Resources & Reading:

Organic Farming Research Foundation Resources:

Connect with OFRF:

By |2026-09-30T13:10:37-04:00September 14th, 2026|Farmer Stories, Insects & Diseases, News, On-Farm Research|

Two Oʻahu Farmers Share Wins & Challenges Accessing CSP Support

(Versión en español a continuación / Spanish version below)

Written by Mary Elizabeth Kidd, OFRF Communications Associate

OFRF is currently working to increase farmer and community awareness of the federal funding opportunities available to organic and transitioning farms. 

As part of our work with the West region of the USDA’s Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP), we’re spotlighting two Hawaiʻi farms—Maigee Chang of Farm of the Fearless Monkey and Timothy Clark of Sunshine Farm Foundation—that received funding and support through the Natural Resource Conservation Service’s (NRCS) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP).

Their story offers a transparent look at what it’s really like to work with NRCS: the benefits, the obstacles, and the lessons they’ve learned. We hope other farmers can use their experience to navigate the process of applying for and implementing CSP contracts more easily.

Meet Maigee Chang of Farm of the Fearless Monkey

Location: Kailua, Hawaiʻi (island of Oʻahu, Honolulu County)

Established: 2017

Acres: 2.25

Production: Okra, eggplant, pumpkin, ginger, turmeric, roselle/hibiscus, and perennials: ulu, dragonfruit, papaya, citrus, cacao, lilikoi, and jackfruit

Certification: Uses organic practices

Staffing: 2 volunteers (in exchange for living quarters)

Markets: CSA, a local organic grocery store, restaurants, and Facebook Marketplace; ulu is sold to a chip company

Social media: Instagram

Read more: Growing Organic at the Farm of the Fearless Monkey from the USDA’s Farmers.gov blog.

Meet Timothy Clark of Sunshine Farm Foundation

Farmer Timothy Clark and his family on a motorized cart transporting sugar cane.Source: Sunshine Farm Foundation

Location: Mokulēʻia, Hawaiʻi (island of Oʻahu, Honolulu County)

Established: 2020

Acres: 15

Production: Mangoes, bananas, ulu, citrus, avocados, plus grazing animals including sheep, pigs, goats

Certification: Uses organic practices, not yet certified

Markets: Bananas are marketed through a neighboring farmer’s CSA

Social media: Facebook

About the Farmers

Maigee Chang (Farm of the Fearless Monkey) has lived in Hawaiʻi for over 30 years and came into her farming career after working at the intersection of local politics and agriculture, where she met farmers and attended farming workshops.

As her passion for farming grew, she found the land that would become Farm of the Fearless Monkey and set about getting the training and support she needed.

Maigee began her journey through the University of Hawaiʻi’s College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources program: GoFarm Hawaiʻi, where she connected with farmers, mentors, and Extension agents, and continued to strategically plug into support systems.

A dirt road with two fences on either side, showing the entrance to Sunshine Farm Foundation.Source: Sunshine Farm Foundation

The entrance to Sunshine Farm Foundation.

Timothy Clark (Sunshine Farm Foundation) was born and raised in Florida and moved to Oʻahu in 2012, where he started farmwork via permaculture and permablitz projects, working in community and volunteering to plant food and forestry yardscapes in Hawaiʻi.

In 2020, he and his partners acquired the 15-acre land site, which they continue to develop to provide education and, eventually, food for those experiencing hunger. Their first farm, established in 2018, focused on education and permaculture practices.

Their current property is structured as a tenants-in-common ownership model with 27 farming plots and the goal of one day becoming an organic farming zone. Working with CSP has represented a supportive bridge in the journey towards wider production and becoming USDA-certified organic.

We recently spoke to Maigee and Tim about their experience as organic farmers navigating NCRS support systems. Below, we’re sharing the conversation and their valuable insight.

Why Organic?

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): I don’t like spraying, and I don’t want any of that near my workers or me. Also, chemicals are very expensive.

I trained with OMRI-approved products; I’m comfortable using those, and they’re a lot simpler. I mainly use soap, neem, and BT (Bacillus thuringiensis, organic pest control); if something’s awry, I pull the plant and toss it. We do a lot of crop rotations and companion planting, and I’ve seen the effect of that. With mulching and healthy soil, my plants are stronger.

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): Growing up, my father was a medical doctor who later moved into alternative medicine, focusing on supporting patients who had cancers with organic diets and homeopathic treatments. We always ate organic foods. When I started farming, I didn’t think that there was another way.

And working with the permaculture crew and kind of learning that methodology, and getting into agroforestry, you know, it was never a question of whether or not to use organic treatments for pests or fertilization.

We try to use permaculture and agroforestry designs that make pest management easier, such as attracting beneficial insects and utilizing native plants. This is where NRCS has been helpful.

Context & Challenges

Perennial peanut cover crop growing on a hillside. Source: Farm of the Fearless Monkey

Perennial peanut cover cropping at Farm of the Fearless Monkey.

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): The constant pest is the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), so we’re trying to address that using various techniques. We do netting around the crown of the tree, we keep our mulch piles covered and rotate them at least every two months, and send the chickens in to scratch through.

We’re in a spot that hasn’t been hit too hard by the recent flooding; the water flows off of our area. Those storms came when we were doing cover crop, which helped the cover crop, and we didn’t lose anything. The vetiver (cover crop) is great and stopped everything from a massive flow.

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): We had about 100 coconut trees wiped out by the coconut rhinoceros beetle. So we’re doing a pilot program to see if we can control the beetle with about 60 dwarf coconuts in high tunnels with netting (supported by EQIP).

We had about three or four storms this spring (2026), which caused a lot of damage to our property. That said, we’re in a drought area on the island, and water supply and power are a concern.

Our main focus is planting drought-tolerant crops. Water can go out for several days when they’re fixing lines, so we’ve signed up for a backup storage and water-pump program through NRCS.

Working with NRCS

Application Process

Mulched beds in a hoop house. Source: Farm of the Fearless Monkey

EQIP-funded hoop house with mulching at Farm of the Fearless Monkey.

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): From working with the agriculture committee and then as secretary of the Waimānalo chapter of the Hawaii Farmers Union, I was familiar with NRCS representatives. I got a hoop house through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), and then we started working on a conservation plan.

Getting through the CSP application process was straightforward. I knew what I wanted to do, it was covered by the program, and my CSP agent walked me through everything. It’s been a smooth process; she sends me documents and deadline reminders, so it feels manageable.

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): I found CSP through research and initially found it difficult to navigate until I connected with the first in a series of very helpful representatives who helped me begin a windbreak program and subsequent plans. You have to persevere. Our first contract phase was three years ago; now we’re in the second year of our second contract.

Implementation

A row of banana trees and shrubs with fencing.Source: Sunshine Farm Foundation

A row of banana trees and shrubs serves as a windbreak to protect crops at Sunshine Farm Foundation.

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): We’re doing mulching and cover cropping and crop rotation, paid in bulk at the end of every year. For mulching, it was a five-year contract; payment started at $2,000 a year, then jumped to $4,000. Cover cropping started as a three-year contract, which has been renewed. The reimbursements mainly help cover labor costs for practices I’d do anyway.

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): Our CSP contract includes $6,000 per year for five years ($4,000 cropland and $2,000 homestead), and practices include perennial cover crop (Bermuda grass) and establishing a native forestry zone.

We’re getting compost reimbursements (paying only for the delivery charges), and we have a contract to mulch over our orchard. It’s been great. And I was able to get a tree trimmer as well.

Outcomes & Challenges

Mulched rows of tropical crops. Source: Farm of the Fearless Monkey

Mulching and labor was covered by CSP contract at Farm of the Fearless Monkey.

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): My soil is amazing right now. The plants are really happy. Mulching has reduced water use, and soil testing showed a pH shift from acidic to alkaline, which changed my fertilizer approach.

One big challenge is soil testing, not just getting the tests, but shipping them to the mainland (Oregon) in refrigerated/cooler boxes within 24 hours, and the airport where we ship them from is almost an hour away. If we could do that locally, it would save a lot of hassle.

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): We get support from everyone at NRCS, they’re great! They’ve really helped us navigate programs.

I am in a predicament, however, because when they came out to inspect, even though I had the animals and I had the orchard, we were categorized as orchard-only, meaning I can’t transition to my original plan of getting the animal management care, such as internal grazing fencing.

So we missed something there and can’t go back or risk losing the program and having to reapply. So we’ll complete the contract as is and then apply for this longer-term plan.

Advice to Farmers

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): If farmers are considering applying for CSP, you should totally do it. One, because it’s good practice. And two, it’s a good program. For a farm of my size, it wasn’t that complicated.

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): When you’re preparing the paperwork, be sure to think long term. Consider the next five years and what may need to be a part of your application.

I also recommend applying with as comprehensive a plan as possible, including multiple conservation practices, to potentially give your application a higher ranking and likelihood of success.

And don’t forget outreach to other farmers, we have to share what programs we’re benefiting from.

Next Steps & Resources

Interested in transitioning your farm for organic certification in the West/Southwest or beyond? Explore these key resources and connect with mentors, certifiers, and Technical Support Providers (TSP) near you.

Locating Support Providers and Mentors:

Organic Farming Research Foundation resources:

USDA resources:

Connect with OFRF:

Dos agricultores de Oʻahu comparten sus logros y desafíos al acceder al apoyo del CSP del NRCS

Por Mary Elizabeth Kidd, asociada de comunicaciones

La OFRF trabaja actualmente para aumentar la conciencia de los agricultores y las comunidades sobre las oportunidades de financiamiento federal disponibles para las granjas orgánicas y en transición hacia lo orgánico. 

Como parte de nuestro trabajo con la región Oeste del Programa de Alianzas para la Transición a lo Orgánico (Transition to Organic Partnership Program, TOPP) del USDA, destacamos dos granjas de Hawaiʻi —Maigee Chang, de Farm of the Fearless Monkey, y Timothy Clark, de Sunshine Farm Foundation— que recibieron financiamiento y apoyo a través del Programa de Administración de la Conservación (Conservation Stewardship Program, CSP) del Servicio de Conservación de Recursos Naturales (NRCS).

Su historia ofrece una mirada transparente de lo que realmente implica trabajar con el NRCS: los beneficios, los obstáculos y las lecciones aprendidas. Esperamos que otros agricultores puedan aprovechar su experiencia para transitar más fácilmente el proceso de solicitar e implementar los contratos del CSP.

Conozca a Maigee Chang, de Farm of the Fearless Monkey

Ubicación: Kailua, Hawaiʻi (isla de Oʻahu, condado de Honolulu)

Fundada: 2017

Superficie: 2.25 acres

Producción: Okra, berenjena, calabaza, jengibre, cúrcuma, roselle/hibisco, y perennes: ulu (fruta del pan), pitahaya, papaya, cítricos, cacao, lilikoi (maracuyá) y yaca

Certificación: Usa prácticas orgánicas

Personal: 2 voluntarios (a cambio de alojamiento)

Mercados: Agricultura apoyada por la comunidad (CSA), una tienda local de comestibles orgánicos, restaurantes y Facebook Marketplace; el ulu se vende a una empresa de snacks (chips)

Redes sociales: Instagram

Lea más: Growing Organic at the Farm of the Fearless Monkey del blog Farmers.gov del USDA.

Conozca a Timothy Clark, de Sunshine Farm Foundation

Farmer Timothy Clark and his family on a motorized cart transporting sugar cane.Source: Sunshine Farm Foundation

Ubicación: Mokulēʻia, Hawaiʻi (isla de Oʻahu, condado de Honolulu)

Fundada: 2020

Superficie: 15 acres

Producción: Mangos, plátanos, ulu (fruta del pan), cítricos, aguacates, además de animales de pastoreo como ovejas, cerdos y cabras

Certificación: Usa prácticas orgánicas, aún no certificada

Mercados: Los plátanos se comercializan a través de la CSA (agricultura apoyada por la comunidad) de un agricultor vecino

Redes sociales: Facebook

Sobre los agricultores

Maigee Chang (Farm of the Fearless Monkey) ha vivido en Hawaiʻi por más de 30 años y llegó a su carrera agrícola tras trabajar en la intersección entre la política local y la agricultura, donde conoció a agricultores y asistió a talleres de agricultura. 

A medida que crecía su pasión por la agricultura, encontró el terreno que se convertiría en Farm of the Fearless Monkey y se dedicó a conseguir la capacitación y el apoyo que necesitaba.

Maigee comenzó su camino a través del programa College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources de la University of Hawaiʻi: GoFarm Hawaiʻi, donde se conectó con agricultores, mentores y agentes de Extensión, y siguió integrándose estratégicamente a los sistemas de apoyo.

Timothy Clark (Sunshine Farm Foundation) nació y creció en Florida y se mudó a Oʻahu en 2012, donde comenzó el trabajo agrícola mediante proyectos de permacultura y permablitz, trabajando en comunidad y como voluntario para plantar alimentos y paisajes forestales en Hawaiʻi.

A dirt road with two fences on either side, showing the entrance to Sunshine Farm Foundation.Source: Sunshine Farm Foundation

Entrada a Sunshine Farm Foundation.

En 2020, él y sus socios adquirieron el terreno de 15 acres, que siguen desarrollando para brindar educación y, con el tiempo, alimentos para las personas que padecen hambre. Su primera granja, fundada en 2018, se centró en la educación y las prácticas de permacultura. 

Su propiedad actual está estructurada como un modelo de propiedad en común (tenants-in-common) con 27 parcelas de cultivo y la meta de convertirse algún día en una zona de agricultura orgánica. Trabajar con el CSP ha representado un puente de apoyo en el camino hacia una mayor producción y hacia obtener la certificación orgánica del USDA.

Hablamos recientemente con Maigee y Tim sobre su experiencia como agricultores orgánicos al desenvolverse en los sistemas de apoyo del NRCS. A continuación, compartimos la conversación y sus valiosas reflexiones.

¿Por qué orgánico?

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): No me gusta fumigar y no quiero nada de eso cerca de mis trabajadores ni de mí. Además, los productos químicos son muy caros.

Me capacité con productos aprobados por OMRI; me siento cómoda usándolos y son mucho más simples. Uso principalmente jabón, neem y BT (Bacillus thuringiensis, control orgánico de plagas); si algo anda mal, arranco la planta y la desecho. Hacemos muchas rotaciones de cultivos y siembra asociada, y he visto el efecto de eso. Con el acolchado (mulch) y un suelo sano, mis plantas son más fuertes.

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): Cuando yo crecía, mi padre era médico y luego se pasó a la medicina alternativa, enfocándose en apoyar con dietas orgánicas y tratamientos homeopáticos a pacientes con cáncer. Siempre comíamos alimentos orgánicos. Cuando empecé a cultivar, no pensé que hubiera otra manera.

Y trabajando con el equipo de permacultura y aprendiendo esa metodología, y adentrándome en la agrosilvicultura, nunca fue cuestión de si usar o no tratamientos orgánicos para las plagas o la fertilización. 

Procuramos usar diseños de permacultura y agrosilvicultura que facilitan el manejo de plagas, como atraer insectos benéficos y utilizar plantas nativas. Aquí es donde el NRCS ha sido de ayuda.

Contexto y desafíos

Perennial peanut cover crop growing on a hillside. Source: Farm of the Fearless Monkey

Cultivo de cobertura de maní perenne en Farm of the Fearless Monkey.

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): La plaga constante es el escarabajo rinoceronte del cocotero (coconut rhinoceros beetle, CRB), así que intentamos enfrentarlo con varias técnicas. Colocamos malla alrededor de la corona del árbol, mantenemos cubiertas nuestras pilas de acolchado (mulch) y las rotamos al menos cada dos meses, y metemos a las gallinas para que escarben.

Estamos en un lugar que no ha sido muy afectado por las inundaciones recientes; el agua se escurre de nuestra zona. Esas tormentas llegaron cuando estábamos sembrando cultivo de cobertura, lo que benefició al cultivo de cobertura, y no perdimos nada. El vetiver (cultivo de cobertura) es excelente y frenó todo de un flujo enorme.

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): El escarabajo rinoceronte del cocotero acabó con unos 100 cocoteros. Así que estamos realizando un programa piloto para ver si podemos controlar el escarabajo con unos 60 cocoteros enanos en túneles altos con malla (financiado por el EQIP).

Tuvimos unas tres o cuatro tormentas esta primavera (2026), que causaron muchos daños a nuestra propiedad. Dicho esto, estamos en una zona de sequía de la isla, y el suministro de agua y de electricidad es una preocupación. 

Nuestro enfoque principal es plantar cultivos tolerantes a la sequía. El agua puede cortarse por varios días cuando reparan las tuberías, así que nos inscribimos en un programa de almacenamiento de reserva y bombeo de agua a través del NRCS.

Trabajar con el NRCS

Proceso de solicitud

Mulched beds in a hoop house. Source: Farm of the Fearless Monkey

EQIP-invernadero financiado por el EQIP con acolchado. Foto cortesía de Farm of the Fearless Monkey.

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): Por trabajar con el comité de agricultura y luego como secretaria del capítulo de Waimānalo del Hawaii Farmers Union, ya conocía a los representantes del NRCS. Obtuve un invernadero a través del EQIP, y luego empezamos a trabajar en un plan de conservación.

Superar el proceso de solicitud del CSP fue sencillo. Sabía lo que quería hacer, estaba cubierto por el programa y mi agente del CSP me guio en todo. Ha sido un proceso fluido; ella me envía documentos y recordatorios de fechas límite, así que se siente manejable.

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): Encontré el CSP investigando y al principio me resultó difícil de manejar, hasta que me contacté con el primero de una serie de representantes muy serviciales que me ayudaron a iniciar un programa de cortavientos (windbreak) y planes posteriores. Hay que perseverar. Nuestra primera fase de contrato fue hace tres años; ahora estamos en el segundo año de nuestro segundo contrato.

Implementación

A row of banana trees and shrubs with fencing.Source: Sunshine Farm Foundation

Una hilera de plátanos y arbustos sirve de cortavientos para proteger los cultivos. Foto cortesía de Sunshine Farm Foundation.

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): Estamos haciendo acolchado, cultivo de cobertura y rotación de cultivos, que se pagan en conjunto al final de cada año. El acolchado fue un contrato de cinco años; el pago comenzó en $2,000 al año y luego subió a $4,000. El cultivo de cobertura empezó como un contrato de tres años, que se ha renovado. Los reembolsos ayudan principalmente a cubrir los costos de mano de obra de prácticas que yo haría de todos modos. 

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): Nuestro contrato del CSP incluye $6,000 al año durante cinco años ($4,000 para tierras de cultivo y $2,000 para la propiedad familiar), y las prácticas incluyen un cultivo de cobertura perenne (pasto Bermuda) y el establecimiento de una zona forestal nativa.

Estamos recibiendo reembolsos de compost (pagando solo los cargos de entrega), y tenemos un contrato para aplicar acolchado sobre nuestro huerto. Ha sido estupendo. Y también pude conseguir una podadora de árboles.

Resultados y desafíos

Mulched rows of tropical crops. Source: Farm of the Fearless Monkey

Acolchado y mano de obra cubiertos por el contrato del CSP. Foto cortesía de Farm of the Fearless Monkey.

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): Mi suelo está increíble en este momento. Las plantas están muy contentas. El acolchado ha reducido el uso de agua, y los análisis de suelo mostraron un cambio de pH de ácido a alcalino, lo que cambió mi enfoque de fertilización. 

Un gran desafío son los análisis de suelo: no solo hacer las pruebas, sino enviarlas al continente (Oregon) en cajas refrigeradas o con hielera dentro de las 24 horas, y el aeropuerto desde donde las enviamos está a casi una hora. Si pudiéramos hacerlo localmente, nos ahorraría muchas complicaciones.

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): Recibimos apoyo de todo el personal del NRCS, ¡son excelentes! De verdad nos han ayudado a desenvolvernos en los programas.

Sin embargo, estoy en un aprieto, porque cuando vinieron a inspeccionar, aunque yo tenía los animales y el huerto, nos clasificaron solo como huerto, lo que significa que no puedo pasar a mi plan original de obtener el cuidado del manejo de animales, como el cercado interno para pastoreo. 

Así que se nos escapó algo ahí y no podemos retroceder, o correríamos el riesgo de perder el programa y tener que volver a solicitar. Por eso completaremos el contrato tal como está y luego solicitaremos este plan de más largo plazo.

Consejos para los agricultores

Maigee (Farm of the Fearless Monkey): Si un agricultor está considerando solicitar el CSP, definitivamente debería hacerlo. Primero, porque es una buena práctica. Y segundo, porque es un buen programa. Para una granja de mi tamaño, no fue tan complicado. 

Tim (Sunshine Farm Foundation): Cuando esté preparando la documentación, asegúrese de pensar a largo plazo. Considere los próximos cinco años y lo que podría necesitar incluir en su solicitud. 

También recomiendo presentar la solicitud con un plan lo más completo posible, que incluya varias prácticas de conservación, para dar potencialmente a su solicitud una mejor clasificación y mayor probabilidad de éxito. 

Y no olvide difundir la información entre otros agricultores; tenemos que compartir de qué programas nos estamos beneficiando.

By |2026-09-02T16:39:53-04:00July 29th, 2026|Farmer Stories, Insects & Diseases, News, On-Farm Research, TOPP West|

How One Kona Farm Made Federal Funding Work for Organic Agriculture

(Versión en español a continuación / Spanish version below)

Written by Mary Elizabeth Kidd, OFRF Communications Associate

OFRF is currently working to increase farmer and community awareness of the federal funding opportunities available to organic and transitioning farms. As part of our work with the West region of the USDA’s Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP), we’re spotlighting the experience of one farm—Makili Farm in Kealakekua, Hawaiʻi—that received funding and support through the Natural Resource Conservation Service’s Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP).

Their story offers a transparent look at what it’s really like to work with NRCS: the benefits, the obstacles, and the lessons they’ve learned. We hope other farmers can use their experience to navigate the process of applying for and implementing CSP contracts more easily.

Meet Kathy Vass of Makili Farm

Location: Kealakekua, Hawaiʻi (west coast of Hawaiʻi Island)

Established: 2013

Acres: 5.8

Production: Coffee, macadamia nuts, cacao, citrus, vanilla, vegetables, tropical fruit, and pineapples

Certification: USDA Certified Organic since 2017

Staffing: Two part-time team members, plus seasonal staff (macadamia harvest)

Markets: Wholesale (grocery stores and local distributors)

Context & Challenges

Coffee flowers.Source: Makili Farm

Coffee flowers in bloom.

OFRF team members recently spoke to Kathy Vass, owner and primary farmer at Makili Farm, sitting on almost 6 acres at an elevation of 1,500 feet on the west coast of Hawaiʻi Island.

She shared a realistic and dedicated vision of organic farming on Hawaiʻi Island, where approximately 85% of food is imported, operational costs are high, and pest and environmental pressures are tremendous. Seasonal cyclones and recent earthquakes bring even more obstacles.

Her commitment to provide organic, locally-produced food for her community is palpable and powerful: “We’re all struggling financially. I know very few farms that aren’t. We’re providing enough income to live on. But the ones I know who are succeeding are organic.”

Kathy has been working in the soil for over 55 years, from her previous career as a landscape contractor in Long Island, New York, to her 13 years of farming at Makili Farm.

Kathy notes that in the last 5-10 years, pests and invasive weeds have surged. The avocado lace bug and the coffee berry borer, in addition to nematodes, continue to wreak particular damage to her key crops; coffee leaf rust has also led to crop loss.

>> Read more: Kathy and five other farms participated in a 2021 OFRF research grant exploring Organic Farming Systems Options for Controlling Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR) in Kona Coffee.

The impact of these pests and diseases is the primary reason Kathy sought support from programs like the Natural Resource Conservation Service’s (NRCS) Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP). The knowledge and financial support they provide have been a lifeline for her business.

Why Organic?

Vanilla bean orchid. Source: Makili Farm

Vanilla bean orchid.

“I have always, for 55 years, done nothing but organic methods.”

Despite so many challenges, Kathy’s commitment to organic practices remains unshaken. She continues, “organic farming is, whether certified or not, so important for the health of our soil, our water, and our air. It’s just so important to me to have healthy food from healthy soil.”

The higher market value for organic products was also appealing; organic coffee cherries get $1 more per pound than conventional ones.

That said, each year Kathy questions her desire to remain certified. “It feels like a burden,” she shared, “Every year when it’s time for me to start doing the paperwork, I weigh whether I really want to keep doing the certification. I would always continue to be organic, regardless of whether I’m certified or not. I’m not sure that the price difference makes a big difference.”

Accessing Support through NRCS CSP

Plants growing in raised beds inside a hoop house. Source: Makili Farm

EQIP-supported hoop house.

Kathy’s daughter-in-law, also a local farmer, suggested Kathy contact Laura Nelson, who leads the Kealakekua Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) office.

Kathy first worked with Laura to secure Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) reimbursement for approximately half the cost of a 20-foot-by-72-foot hoophouse, enabling her to increase production.

Laura then encouraged and supported Kathy through the CSP application process. While Kathy was initially apprehensive of another paperwork-laden application process, her existing documentation for organic certification was already comprehensive and helped expedite the CSP application.

Kathy then worked with Laura to develop goals and objectives for a 5-year contract, which reimburses her $5,000 per year to support her conservation efforts.

CSP Goals & Learnings

Together, Kathy and Laura honed in on two goals for the 5-year CSP contract:

  1. Enhance agroforestry with additional trees and shrubs (primarily fruit-bearing).
  2. Continue ongoing organic pest control practices on the farm.
Various trees, including bananas, planted on a farm. Source: Makili Farm

Agroforestry in motion.

In her first year, she successfully planted cacao, bananas, breadfruit, and cherimoya, expanding her market offerings.

She’s now in the fourth year of her five-year contract and continuing the focus on pest management. A few recent tasks supported by her CSP contract: planting 600 new coffee trees, mulching them, and planting a nitrogen-fixing ground cover, perennial peanut.

While much of her work remains the same—tenacious, focused, and curious—the financial and community support help her stay the course and represent her primary CSP wins. “Having those connections with other farmers has been good…really, really good.”

After her current contract winds down, Kathy is considering another CSP offering focused on native plants. She heavily cites the expertise and accessibility of her NRCS agent, Laura Nelson, as a success-driving factor in her experience with CSP.

Advice to Farmers

“Persevere,” Kathy shared without hesitation. She urges farmers to explore as many USDA and other avenues of financial support as possible, never shying away from doggedly advocating for what they need with USDA agents and representatives. She also recommends plugging into the local farming community, including other farmers, your local Extension, and farmers’ unions.

“Find out what’s available, ask questions, and hang in there.”

Ready to Apply? Here Are a Few Helpful Resources

If you’re a farmer considering applying for CSP or other NRCS programs, here are some helpful tools to get started:

Additional Resources & Reading

Cómo una granja de Kona logró que los fondos federales funcionaran para la agricultura orgánica

Por Mary Elizabeth Kidd, asociada de comunicaciones

La OFRF trabaja actualmente para aumentar la conciencia de los agricultores y las comunidades sobre las oportunidades de financiamiento federal disponibles para las granjas orgánicas y en transición hacia lo orgánico. Como parte de nuestro trabajo con la región Oeste del Programa de Alianzas para la Transición a lo Orgánico (Transition to Organic Partnership Program, TOPP) del USDA, destacamos la experiencia de una granja —Makili Farm, en Kealakekua, Hawaiʻi— que recibió financiamiento y apoyo a través del Programa de Administración de la Conservación (Conservation Stewardship Program, CSP) del Servicio de Conservación de Recursos Naturales (NRCS).

Su historia ofrece una mirada transparente de lo que realmente implica trabajar con el NRCS: los beneficios, los obstáculos y las lecciones aprendidas. Esperamos que otros agricultores puedan aprovechar su experiencia para transitar más fácilmente el proceso de solicitar e implementar los contratos del CSP.

Conozca a Kathy Vass, de Makili Farm

Source: Makili Farm, Credit: John Vass

Los agricultores Kathy y Rob Vass.

Ubicación: Kealakekua, Hawaiʻi (costa oeste de Hawaiʻi Island)

Fundada: 2013

Superficie: 5.8 acres 

Producción: Café, nueces de macadamia, cacao, cítricos, vainilla, hortalizas, fruta tropical y piñas

Certificación: Certificada como orgánica por el USDA desde 2017

Personal: Dos integrantes de tiempo parcial, más personal de temporada (cosecha de macadamia)

Mercados: Venta al por mayor (tiendas de comestibles y distribuidores locales)

Contexto y desafíos

Coffee flowers.Source: Makili Farm

Flores de café.

Integrantes del equipo de la OFRF hablaron recientemente con Kathy Vass, dueña y agricultora principal de Makili Farm, ubicada en casi 6 acres a una altitud de 1,500 pies en la costa oeste de Hawaiʻi Island. 

Ella compartió una visión realista y comprometida de la agricultura orgánica en la isla de Hawaiʻi, donde aproximadamente el 85 % de los alimentos son importados, los costos operativos son altos y las presiones de plagas y ambientales son enormes. Los ciclones estacionales y los terremotos recientes suman aún más obstáculos.

Su compromiso de brindar alimentos orgánicos y de producción local a su comunidad es palpable y poderoso: “Todos tenemos dificultades económicas. Conozco muy pocas granjas que no las tengan. Generamos ingresos suficientes para vivir. Pero las que conozco que están teniendo éxito son orgánicas.”

Kathy lleva más de 55 años trabajando la tierra, desde su carrera anterior como contratista de paisajismo en Long Island, New York, hasta sus 13 años de agricultura en Makili Farm.

Kathy señala que en los últimos 5 a 10 años han aumentado las plagas y las malezas invasoras. El chinche de encaje del aguacate (avocado lace bug) y la broca del café (coffee berry borer), además de los nematodos, siguen causando un daño particular a sus cultivos clave; la roya del café (coffee leaf rust) también ha provocado pérdidas de cosecha.

>> Lea más: Kathy y otras cinco granjas participaron en 2021 en una subvención de investigación de la OFRF que exploró Opciones de sistemas de agricultura orgánica para controlar la roya del café (Coffee Leaf Rust, CLR) en Kona Coffe. 

El impacto de estas plagas y enfermedades es la razón principal por la que Kathy buscó apoyo en programas como el Programa de Administración de la Conservación (Conservation Stewardship Program, CSP) del Servicio de Conservación de Recursos Naturales (NRCS). El conocimiento y el apoyo económico que brindan han sido un salvavidas para su negocio.

¿Por qué orgánico?

Orquídea de vainilla.Source: Makili Farm

Orquídea de vainilla.

“Siempre, durante 55 años, no he usado más que métodos orgánicos.” 

A pesar de tantos desafíos, el compromiso de Kathy con las prácticas orgánicas permanece firme. Ella continúa: “La agricultura orgánica, esté certificada o no, es muy importante para la salud de nuestro suelo, nuestra agua y nuestro aire. Para mí es fundamental tener alimentos sanos que provengan de un suelo sano.”

El mayor valor de mercado de los productos orgánicos también resultaba atractivo; las cerezas de café orgánico se pagan $1 más por libra que las convencionales. 

Dicho esto, cada año Kathy se cuestiona su deseo de mantener la certificación. “Se siente como una carga”, compartió. “Cada año, cuando llega el momento de empezar con la documentación, me planteo si de verdad quiero seguir con la certificación. Siempre seguiría siendo orgánica, esté certificada o no. No estoy segura de que la diferencia de precio marque una gran diferencia.”

Cómo acceder al apoyo a través del CSP del NRCS

Invernadero tipo túnel financiado por el EQIP.Source: Makili Farm

Invernadero tipo túnel financiado por el EQIP.

La nuera de Kathy, también agricultora local, le sugirió que contactara a Laura Nelson, quien dirige la oficina del Servicio de Conservación de Recursos Naturales (NRCS) de Kealakekua.

Kathy trabajó primero con Laura para obtener el reembolso del Programa de Incentivos para la Calidad Ambiental (Environmental Quality Incentives Program, EQIP) por aproximadamente la mitad del costo de un invernadero de 20 por 72 pies, lo que le permitió aumentar la producción.

Luego, Laura animó y acompañó a Kathy durante el proceso de solicitud del CSP. Aunque al principio a Kathy le inquietaba otro proceso de solicitud lleno de trámites, la documentación que ya tenía para la certificación orgánica era muy completa y ayudó a agilizar la solicitud del CSP. 

Después, Kathy trabajó con Laura para desarrollar las metas y los objetivos de un contrato de 5 años, que le reembolsa $5,000 al año para apoyar sus esfuerzos de conservación.

Metas y aprendizajes del CSP

Juntas, Kathy y Laura se enfocaron en dos metas para el contrato del CSP de 5 años: 

  1. Fortalecer la agrosilvicultura con árboles y arbustos adicionales (principalmente frutales).
  2. Continuar las prácticas de control orgánico de plagas ya existentes en la granja.
Various trees, including bananas, planted on a farm. Source: Makili Farm

Agrosilvicultura en acción,

En su primer año, plantó con éxito cacao, plátanos, fruta del pan (ulu) y chirimoya, ampliando su oferta de mercado.

Ahora está en el cuarto año de su contrato de cinco años y sigue enfocada en el manejo de plagas. Algunas tareas recientes apoyadas por su contrato del CSP: plantar 600 cafetos nuevos, aplicarles acolchado (mulch) y sembrar una cobertura vegetal fijadora de nitrógeno, el maní perenne.

Aunque gran parte de su trabajo sigue igual —tenaz, enfocado y curioso—, el apoyo económico y comunitario le ayuda a mantener el rumbo y representa sus principales logros con el CSP. “Tener esas conexiones con otros agricultores ha sido bueno… muy, muy bueno.”

Cuando termine su contrato actual, Kathy está considerando otra oferta del CSP centrada en plantas nativas. Ella destaca en gran medida la experiencia y la disponibilidad de su agente del NRCS, Laura Nelson, como un factor clave del éxito de su experiencia con el CSP.

Consejos para los agricultores

“Perseveren”, compartió Kathy sin dudarlo. Ella insta a los agricultores a explorar tantas vías de apoyo económico del USDA y de otras fuentes como sea posible, sin dudar en defender con tenacidad lo que necesitan ante los agentes y representantes del USDA. También recomienda integrarse a la comunidad agrícola local, incluidos otros agricultores, el servicio de Extensión local y los sindicatos de agricultores.

“Averigüen qué hay disponible, hagan preguntas y no se rindan.”

¿Listo para solicitar? Aquí tiene algunos recursos útiles

Si es un agricultor que está considerando solicitar el CSP u otros programas del NRCS, aquí tiene algunas herramientas útiles para comenzar:

Recursos y lecturas adicionales

Think Like a Certifier, Lean on a Mentor: Support and Resources for the Organic Certification Journey

Written by Mary Elizabeth Kidd, OFRF Communications Associate

As the Organic Farming Research Foundation (OFRF) team continues its work facilitating the USDA’s Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP) to strengthen organic farming communities and encourage farmers to transition their farming systems for organic certification, we’re hosting Seeds of Success virtual networking sessions across the country. 

The goal of these sessions is to give regional farmers a platform to share knowledge and ask questions on the organic certification process.

OFRF recently hosted an Organic 101 Seeds of Success for the Northwest region. The first half of the webinar was geared toward extension agents and technical service providers (TSPs), and the second half featured a farmer-led panel discussion. The call began with OFRF team members sharing what those without organic expertise need to know: the basics of organic, the National Organic Program (NOP) standards, and compliance basics.

The three farmer-panelists for this call were April Thatcher of April Joy Farm in Washington, Diane Green of Greentree Naturals in Idaho (a Northwest TOPP mentor), and Beth Hoinacki of Goodfoot Farm in Oregon, whose current role as an organic farmer and past role as an organic certifier brought well-rounded expertise on navigating the certification process. 

These farmers hold over 80 years of collective experience and expertise in organic farming and certification, and the message they shared was unanimous: you simply cannot do it alone.

When it comes to the rigorous process of organic certification, it’s essential to: 1) lean on other organic farmers, mentors, and TSPs, and 2) you must know your WHY for organic farming and become an expert on your farm’s organic systems and the certification process.

Read on as we share key takeaways from the panel discussion. To listen or watch the session, click here (the farmer panel begins around minute 39:15).

Meet the Farmers

Beth Hoinacki of Goodfoot Farm standing in a path between blooming fieldsSource: Odeani Baker, Courtesy of Oregon Tilth

Beth Hoinacki of Goodfoot Farm

Where: Philomath, Oregon (Benton County)

Established: late 1990s

Certification: Demeter Certified Biodynamic® since 2012, previously Oregon Tilth Certified Organic

Acres: 5 

Markets: Farmers’ markets, CSA, restaurants

Social Media: Facebook, Instagram

Read more: Goodfoot Farm: Conservation Champion from Oregon Tilth 

April Jones Thatcher of April Joy Farm kneeling in a field on her farmSource: April Joy Farm

April Jones Thatcher of April Joy Farm

Location: near Ridgefield, Washington (Clark County)

Established: 2006

Certification: Washington State Department of Agriculture Certified Organic since 2007

Acres: 24

Markets: Farmers’ markets, CSA, restaurants

Read more: Working with NRCS: April Joy Farm’s Story and Recommendations

Diane Green of Greentree Naturals Farm standing in her main garden with a bouquet of flowersSource: Greentree Naturals

Diane Green of Greentree Naturals Farm

Location: Sandpoint, Idaho (Bonner County)

Established: 1990

Certification: USDA Certified Organic for over 30 years

Acres: 1

Markets: Weekly on-site farm stand

Social Media: Facebook

Read more: Farmer Stories: Diane and Greentree Naturals

Why Organic?

April Jones Thatcher (April Joy Farm): It made a lot of sense to think about the farm as a living and biological system. Then, if I put my business hat on, it really was market differentiation for us, since there were very few certified organic farms in my county. 

And personally, there was a lot of joy to farm in a way that didn’t require me to handle toxic pesticides, to really get my hands in the living soil.

Diane Green (Greentree Naturals Farm): Organic is the only way I’ve ever grown. I started growing an organic garden in 1970. So, for me, it’s making the commitment to support organic certification; it was just a natural thing as far as motivation, to hold true to the integrity of what organic certification stands for. 

We have new customers and longtime customers who have been with us for 25 years and are frequently saying, “Thank you for being certified organic.” That keeps us growing, and we’ll keep going with that.

Beth Hoinacki (Goodfoot Farm): We’ve been on our farm for 30 years. We were first certified organic in 2009 and then certified biodynamic in 2012. I’ve worked on organic farms for most of my life and actually worked in certification before I started my own farm, so that was super helpful in the certification process and has also just helped with our general farming approach.

Think Like a Certifier: Record-Keeping = Business Planning

Beth (Goodfoot Farm): [As a former organic and biodynamic certifier], I knew a lot about certification before I got into it so nothing surprised me.

One of the most challenging aspects of engaging in certification is that the National Organic Program (NOP) standard is essentially one-size-fits-all. So you need to understand how the standard works and what parts are more challenging for your size farm. Small or large, organic farms are subject to the same kind of regulatory and recordkeeping requirements.

Diane (Greentree Naturals Farm): The paperwork is extensive and when I’m mentoring farmers who are transitioning to become organic, I’m helping them understand the expected documentation and how partnering that with your business plan can help you manage your business in a much more holistic way—looking at the big picture and fine-tuning it to meet all the documentation that’s required. 

It makes a big difference if you’ve got a mentor or a partner helping walk you through that process.

April (April Joy Farm): Understanding the language, documentation, and the steps of what an organic system plan entails can be daunting unless you have an adviser, a mentor, or somebody who’s been through it who can really help translate some of that jargon. 

As a small business owner, there’s a lot of information being asked of you, so you want to make sure you understand how it’s going to be used. You want to be honest and represent your operation realistically and you want to make sure you get a sense of how this information gets tracked.

>> Read more: Explore the first in our Seeds of Success series in From Conventional to Certified, where Lynn Schaal of Life Springs Farm in Twin Falls, Idaho, shared a record-keeping hack that kept his inspections less stressful. (Spoiler: Lynn digitally scans ALL applications, receipts, and documentation using an app like Genius Scan.)

Find Support: People & Resources

Beth (Goodfoot Farm): Other farmers are your number one source. Especially local grower networks. I can’t emphasize it enough. And I would also say our university extension agents, because they’re involved with local growers and networks, so they have really relevant information. 

And thirdly, I would say some of the other technical service providers (NRCS, for example), but I think you need to be careful. I had the experience early on of TSPs that were promoting hot new sustainable practices that didn’t really work for me. When you enter into these relationships, have the information that’s really relevant to your operation.

April (April Joy Farm): I would add that certifying agencies have been helpful too, in my experience–shout out to the Washington State Department of Ag–they have been a great resource and have a lot of expertise. They obviously can’t provide you with recommendations, but certifiers can help you understand the documents and recordkeeping that’s required.

It really is about that network.

Diane (Greentree Naturals Farm): I’m forever grateful to have established relationships and partnerships with the University of Idaho extension in the very beginning, around 1997, when we worked together to develop the first sustainable, small-acreage farming organization in the Inland Northwest. That was the farmers working side-by-side with extension to come up with what that would look like. It was always the farmers working with extension to look at what we need and what’s there. 

Personally, I think empowering the next generation of sustainable and certified organic growers is the best thing we have to offer, and I’ll keep doing it for as long as I’m able. 

We farmers want to learn from farmers, and we need to do what we can to promote partnerships with extension to be allies that serve our communities very well.

Next Steps & Resources

Interested in transitioning your farm for organic certification in the Northwest or beyond? 

Explore these key resources and connect with mentors, certifiers, and Technical Support Providers (TSP) near you.

Locating Support Providers and Mentors:

Organic Farming Research Foundation resources:

USDA resources:

Connect with OFRF:

By |2026-07-06T14:51:17-04:00July 6th, 2026|Certification & Compliance, Farmer Stories, News|

Financial Options for Your Farm: Farm Service Agency (FSA) Loans

Versión en español a continuación.

Access to affordable financing is one of the biggest barriers organic and transitioning farmers face. Whether you’re looking to buy land, cover certification costs, or simply keep your operation running through a tough season, knowing where to turn for capital can make all the difference. 

The USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) offers a range of low-interest loan programs designed for farmers like you and can help you secure better rates through a commercial lender. Unfortunately, many of these programs go underutilized simply because farmers don’t know they exist. Let’s fix that. If you’re just starting out or looking to grow your farm, there’s likely an FSA loan designed for your situation.

Which FSA loan is right for me? 

The FSA offers various loan types tailored to specific farming operations, circumstances, and experiences. Read through the list below to find an FSA loan that best suits your needs. You can also use FSA’s free Loan Assistance Tool. 

Operating Loans.

Short-term financing for the everyday costs of starting, maintaining, and strengthening a farm or ranch.

  • Uses: Purchasing essential items like livestock, poultry, farm equipment, feed, seed, fuel, farm chemicals, insurance, and other operating expenses; Covering costs related to minor improvements, family living expenses, and refinancing certain debts; Covering certification costs, approved organic inputs, and the cash flow gaps during the transition period for USDA-certified or transitioning organic producers. 
  • Can be issued directly from FSA, or FSA can guarantee a loan from a commercial lender for a larger line of credit.
    • Maximum loan amount: $400,000.

Farm Ownership Loans.

Long-term financing to buy, expand, or improve a farm or ranch.

  • Uses: Regular loans, joint financing, or down payment options for purchasing land, essential farm improvements, or soil and water conservation and protection.
  • Can be issued directly from FSA, or FSA can guarantee a loan from a commercial lender for a larger line of credit.
    • Maximum loan amount: $600,000 ($300,150 for Beginning Farmer Down Payment).

Climate-Smart Agriculture Farm Loans.

Financing specifically for organic-aligned practices and equipment that reduce environmental impact. Site under review as of 5/20/2025.

  • Uses: Investing in climate-smart practices and equipment, like the establishment of rotational grazing systems, precision agriculture equipment, or machinery for conversion to no-till residue management.
  • Can be issued directly from FSA, or FSA can guarantee a loan from a commercial lender for a larger line of credit. Loan amounts:
    • Direct Farm Ownership Loans: Up to $600,000.
    • Direct Operating Loans: Up to $400,000.
    • Guaranteed Loans: Up to $1,825,000.
    • Microloans: Up to $50,000. 

Emergency Loans.

Loans to aid farmers who have been impacted by a federally declared natural disaster or national emergency.

  • Uses: Restoring/replacing property, reorganizing a family farm; Refinancing non-real estate debts; Assisting with production costs or family living expenses.
  • Direct loans through FSA.
    • Maximum loan amount: $500,000, but the amount a loan applicant may receive is limited to the actual production or physical loss caused by the disaster.

Youth Loans.

Small loans for young people (14–20 years old) for projects in connection with 4-H clubs, FFA, Tribal youth groups, or similar agricultural youth organizations. 

  • Uses: Purchasing livestock, seed, equipment, supplies, or paying operating expenses for the project.
  • Maximum loan amount: $10,000

Operating and Farm Ownership Loans for Beginning Farmers and Ranchers.

Loans with more favorable terms specifically for farmers new to the industry. To see if you qualify as a beginner farmer or rancher, read the definition here. 

Direct Farm Ownership Down Payment Loan

  • Uses: Covering a down payment on a farm for beginning farmers who can’t finance the full purchase alone.
  • Can be issued directly from FSA, or FSA can guarantee a loan from a commercial lender for a larger line of credit.
    • Maximum Loan Amount for a “regular” Direct Farm Ownership loan: $600,000. 
    • Maximum Loan Amount for a Joint Financing or Participation Farm Ownership: $600,000.
    • Maximum Loan Amount for a Direct Farm Ownership Down Payment loan amount works differently. The maximum loan amount under this loan program will not exceed 45 percent of whichever is the lesser amount of:
      • the purchase price;
      • the appraised value of the farm being purchased; or
      • $667,000.

Indian Land Acquisition Program.

For federally recognized Indigenous farmers and tribal members looking to purchase land within their reservation boundaries for agricultural use. 

  • Maximum Loan Amount: No specified maximum loan amount; the amount is based on the tribe’s financial needs and repayment ability.

Highly Fractionated Indian Land Loan Program (HFIL).

For tribal members and entities looking to purchase or consolidate reservation land for agricultural use. 

  • Uses: Purchasing fractionated land with the intention to reduce fragmentation and promote more effective land management, agricultural productivity, and economic development within tribal areas.
  • Maximum Loan Amount: $500,000 per applicant.

Microloans.

Microloans are for small, beginning farmers, niche, and non-traditional farm operations that may not qualify for or need a full FSA loan. There are two types of microloans: 

    • Uses: Essential tools; Fencing and trellising; Hoop houses; Bees and bee equipment; Milking and pasteurization equipment; Maple sugar shack and processing equipment; Livestock, seed, fertilizer, utilities, land rents, family living expenses, and other materials essential to the operation; Irrigation; GAP (Good Agricultural Practices), GHP (Good Handling Practices), and Organic certification costs; Marketing and distribution costs, including those associated with selling through Farmers’ Markets and Community Supported Agriculture operations; Pay for qualifying OSHA compliance standards (Federal or State)
    • Maximum Loan Amount: Operating Microloans provide up to $50,000 per loan.
    • Uses: Making a down payment on a farm; Building, repairing, or improving farm buildings, service buildings, farm dwellings; soil and water conservation projects. May also be used as a Downpayment Farm Ownership Loan or in Joint Financing.
    • Maximum Loan Amount $50,000, which includes any possible outstanding FSA Direct Operating or Farm Ownership unpaid principal loan balances. A loan applicant may have a Guaranteed Operating loan, Farm Ownership loan or Emergency loan and still qualify for a Microloan.

All of this information is summarized in a printable, downloadable PDF below, available in English and Spanish.

How to Apply for an FSA Loan

Step 1. Find your local FSA office.

All FSA loans, whether direct or guaranteed, are processed through your local FSA county office. Find your local office here.

Step 2. Schedule a meeting.

Call or visit your local office to discuss which loan types fit your situation. Bring any records you have about your farm operation, finances, and land. 

Here are some questions to consider: 

  • I’m interested in [loan type]. What do I need to bring to get started on an application?
  • Am I eligible for any loans with more favorable terms as a beginning, socially disadvantaged, or veteran farmer?
  • Can I apply for more than one loan type at the same time?
  • What is the repayment timeline for this loan?
  • Is funding currently available, and is there a better time of year to apply?

Step 3. Create a business plan. 

If you’re applying for a direct FSA loan or a commercial loan guaranteed by FSA, you’ll need a business plan. This doesn’t have to be intimidating! A farm business plan is essentially a clear picture of your operation, goals, and finances. FSA wants to see that you’ve thought through how your farm works and how you’ll repay the loan. 

Your detailed business plan should cover:

  • Your mission, vision, and goals for your farm or ranch.
  • Your current assets (property or investments you own) and liabilities (debts, loans, or payments you owe).
  • What your operation will produce, and how and where you will market and sell your products.
    • This is sometimes referred to as a marketing plan.
  • Whether the amount of income your operation will generate will be enough to pay your business and family living expenses.
  • For organic and transitioning producers, it’s worth being specific about your certification status or timeline, your expected transition costs, and how your marketing strategy accounts for the organic price premium.

FSA provides a step-by-step business plan builder to help you get started.

Step 4. Gather your documents.

Your loan officer will tell you exactly what’s needed, but commonly required documents include:

  • Government-issued ID.
  • Tax returns (typically 3 years).
  • Farm financial statements or records.
  • Proof of land ownership or lease agreement.
  • Business plan.
  • Organic certification or transition plan, if applicable.

Step 5. Submit your application.

Applications can be submitted directly through FSA or, for guaranteed loans, through a commercial lender. Your loan officer will guide you through this.

Step 6. Follow up.

Processing times vary by loan type. Stay in contact with your loan officer and respond quickly to any requests for additional information.

All of this information is summarized in a printable, downloadable PDF below, available in English and Spanish.

All of this information is summarized in a printable, downloadable PDF in English and Spanish below.

El acceso a financiamiento asequible es una de las mayores barreras a las que se enfrentan los agricultores orgánicos y en transición. Ya sea que busque comprar terrenos, cubrir los costos de certificación o simplemente mantener su operación en funcionamiento durante una temporada difícil, saber a dónde acudir para obtener capital puede marcar la diferencia. 

La Agencia de Servicios Agrícolas (FSA) del USDA  ofrece una variedad de programas de préstamos a bajo interés diseñados para agricultores como usted y puede ayudarle a conseguir mejores condiciones de financiamiento a través de un prestamista comercial.  Desafortunadamente, muchos de estos programas se usan poco simplemente porque los agricultores no saben que existen. Vamos a ayudar a cambiar eso. Si acaba de empezar o quiere hacer crecer su granja, probablemente haya un préstamo FSA diseñado para su situación.

¿Qué préstamo FSA es el adecuado para mí? 

La FSA ofrece diversos tipos de préstamos adaptados a operaciones agrícolas específicas, circunstancias y experiencias. Lea la lista a continuación para encontrar el préstamo FSA que mejor se adapte a sus necesidades. También puedes utilizar gratuitamente la herramienta de asistencia para préstamos de FSA. 

Préstamos operativos. (Operating Loans)

Financiamiento a corto plazo para los costos diarios de iniciar, mantener y fortalecer una granja o rancho.

  • Usos: Compra de artículos esenciales como ganado, aves, maquinaria agrícola, alimentos para animales, semillas, combustible, productos químicos agrícolas, seguros y otros gastos operativos; Cubrir costes relacionados con mejoras menores, gastos familiares y refinanciamiento de ciertas deudas; Cubrir los costos de certificación, insumos orgánicos aprobados y las carencias de flujo de caja durante el periodo de transición para productores orgánicos certificados o en transición por el USDA. 
  • Puede emitirse directamente desde FSA, o FSA puede garantizar un préstamo de un prestamista comercial para una línea de crédito mayor.
    • Monto máximo del préstamo: 400.000 dólares.

Préstamos para propiedad agrícola. (Farm Ownership Loans)

Financiamiento a largo plazo para comprar, ampliar o mejorar una granja o rancho.

  • Usos: Préstamos regulares, financiamiento conjunto u opciones de pago inicial (down payment) para la compra de tierras, mejoras agrícolas esenciales o conservación y protección del suelo y el agua.
  • Puede emitirse directamente desde FSA, o FSA puede garantizar un préstamo de un prestamista comercial para una línea de crédito mayor.
    • Importe máximo del préstamo: 600.000 $ (300.150 $ para el pago inicial de agricultores que están iniciando).

Préstamos agrícolas para agricultura inteligente y climática. (Climate-Smart Agriculture Farm Loans)

Financiamiento específico para prácticas y equipos alineados con lo orgánico que reduzcan el impacto medioambiental. La información sobre este programa estaba en revisión al 20 de mayo de 2025.

  • Usos: Invertir en prácticas inteligentes para el clima y equipos, como el establecimiento de sistemas de pastoreo rotativo, equipos de agricultura de precisión o maquinaria para sistemas de cultivo con labranza reducida o sin labranza (no-till).
  • Puede emitirse directamente desde FSA, o FSA puede garantizar un préstamo de un prestamista comercial para una línea de crédito mayor. 

Montos de los préstamos: 

  • Préstamos directos de propiedad agrícola: hasta 600.000 dólares.
  • Préstamos directos operativos: hasta 400.000 dólares.
  • Préstamos garantizados: hasta $1,825,000.
  • Microcréditos: hasta 50.000 dólares. 

Préstamos de emergencia. (Emergency loans)

Préstamos para ayudar a agricultores que han sido afectados por un desastre natural declarado a nivel federal o una emergencia nacional.

  • Usos: Restauración/reemplazo de propiedades, reorganización de una granja familiar; Refinanciamiento de deudas no inmobiliarias; Ayudar con los costos de producción o los gastos familiares.
  • Préstamos directos a través de FSA.
    • Importe máximo del préstamo: 500.000 $, aunque la cantidad que puede recibir un solicitante está limitada a las pérdidas reales de producción o daños físicos causados por el desastre.

Préstamos para jóvenes. (youth loans)

Pequeños préstamos para jóvenes (14–20 años) para proyectos relacionados con clubes 4-H, FFA, grupos juveniles tribales u organizaciones juveniles agrícolas similares. 

  • Usos: Compra de ganado, semillas, equipos, suministros o el pago de los gastos operativos del proyecto.
  • Cantidad máxima del préstamo: $10.000

Préstamo de Pago Inicial por Propiedad Directa de Operaciones Agrícolas

  • Usos: Cubrir un pago inicial en una granja para agricultores nuevos que no pueden financiar la compra completa por sí solos.
  • Puede emitirse directamente desde FSA, o FSA puede garantizar un préstamo de un prestamista comercial para una línea de crédito mayor.
    • Monto máximo del préstamo para un préstamo “regular” de propiedad directa agrícola: 600.000 dólares. 
    • Cantidad máxima del préstamo para una propiedad agrícola de financiamiento conjunto o participación: 600.000 dólares.
    • Monto máximo del préstamo para un préstamo de propiedad directa de una granja con pago inicial funciona de forma diferente. La cantidad máxima del préstamo bajo este programa no superará el 45 por ciento de la cantidad menor de:
      • el precio de compra;
      • el valor tasado de la granja que se estaba adquiriendo; o
      • $667.000.

Programa de Adquisición de Tierras Indígenas. (Indian Land Acquisition Program)

Para agricultores indígenas reconocidos a nivel federal y miembros tribales que buscan comprar tierras dentro de los límites de su reserva para uso agrícola. 

  • Cantidad máxima del préstamo: No se especifica una cantidad máxima del préstamo; La cantidad se basa en las necesidades financieras y la capacidad de pago de la tribu.

Programa de Préstamos para Tierras Indias (HFIL) altamente fraccionadas.

Para miembros y entidades tribales que buscan comprar o consolidar tierras de la reserva para uso agrícola. 

  • Usos: Compra de tierras fraccionadas con la intención de reducir la fragmentación y promover una gestión más eficaz de la tierra, productividad agrícola y desarrollo económico dentro de las áreas tribales.
  • Monto máximo del préstamo: $500.000 por solicitante.

Microcréditos. (Microloans)

Los microcréditos son para pequeños agricultores nuevos, operaciones agrícolas especializadas y no tradicionales que pueden no calificar o necesitar un préstamo FSA completo. Existen dos tipos de microcréditos: 

    • Usos: Compra de herramientas esenciales; instalación de cercas y sistemas de espaldera; construcción o adquisición de invernaderos tipo túnel (hoop houses); compra de abejas y equipo apícola; adquisición de equipos de ordeño y pasteurización; construcción, equipamiento y procesamiento relacionados con la producción de jarabe de arce; compra de ganado, semillas, fertilizantes y otros materiales esenciales para la operación agrícola; pago de servicios públicos, arrendamiento de tierras y gastos básicos de manutención familiar; instalación o mejora de sistemas de riego; pago de los costos de certificación GAP (Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas), GHP (Buenas Prácticas de Manejo) y certificación orgánica; costos de mercadeo y distribución, incluidos los relacionados con la venta en mercados de agricultores (Farmers’ Markets) y programas de Agricultura Apoyada por la Comunidad (CSA); y cubrir los costos necesarios para cumplir con las normas de seguridad y salud ocupacional (OSHA) (federales o estatales)
    • Monto máximo del préstamo: Los microcréditos operativos proporcionan hasta $50.000 por préstamo.
    • Usos: Hacer un pago inicial en una granja; Construir, reparar o mejorar edificios agrícolas, edificios de servicio, viviendas agrícolas; proyectos de conservación de suelo y agua. También puede utilizarse como Préstamo de Propiedad Agrícola con pago inicial o en Financiamiento Conjunto.
    • Monto máximo del préstamo: $50.000, que incluye cualquier posible saldo pendiente pendiente de préstamos principales de operación directa o propiedad agrícola de la FSA. Un solicitante de préstamo puede tener un préstamo operativo garantizado, un préstamo de propiedad agrícola o un préstamo de emergencia y aún así calificar para un micropréstamo. 

Cómo solicitar un préstamo FSA

Paso 1. Busque su oficina local de FSA.

Todos los préstamos de la FSA, ya sean directos o garantizados, se procesan a través de la oficina local de la FSA correspondiente a su condado. Encuentre su oficina local aquí.

Paso 2. Programe una reunión.

Llame o visite su oficina local para hablar sobre qué tipos de préstamos se adaptan a su situación. Lleve cualquier registro que tenga sobre su operación agrícola, finanzas y tierras. 

Aquí tiene algunas preguntas a considerar: 

  • Me interesa [tipo de préstamo]. ¿Qué necesito llevar para empezar con una solicitud?
  • ¿Soy elegible para algún préstamo con condiciones más favorables como agricultor nuevo, socialmente desfavorecido o veterano?
  • ¿Puedo solicitar más de un tipo de préstamo al mismo tiempo?
  • ¿Cuál es el plazo de devolución de este préstamo?
  • ¿Hay financiamiento disponible actualmente y hay una mejor época del año para solicitar?

Paso 3. Cree un plan de negocio. 

Si solicita un préstamo directo de FSA o un préstamo comercial garantizado por FSA, necesitará un plan de negocio. ¡Esto no tiene por qué ser intimidante! Un plan de negocio agrícola es esencialmente una imagen clara de su operación, objetivos y finanzas. FSA quiere asegurarse de que ha pensado bien cómo funciona su granja y cómo vas a devolver el préstamo. 

Su plan de negocio detallado debe cubrir:

  • Su misión, visión y objetivos para su granja o rancho.
  • Sus activos actuales (propiedades o inversiones que posee) y sus pasivos (deudas, préstamos o pagos que debe).
  • Qué producirá su granja, y cómo y dónde comercializará y venderá sus productos.
    • Esto a veces se denomina plan de marketing.
  • Si la cantidad de ingresos que generará su operación será suficiente para cubrir los gastos de su negocio y familia.
  • Para productores orgánicos y en transición, conviene ser específico sobre el estado o el calendario de la certificación, los costos de transición previstos y cómo su estrategia de marketing tiene en cuenta la prima del precio orgánico.

FSA ofrece un generador de planes de negocio paso a paso para ayudarle a empezar.

Paso 4. Reúna los documentos necesarios.

Su oficial de préstamos le dirá exactamente lo que se necesita, pero que es habitualmente los documentos incluyen:

  • Identificación emitida por el gobierno.
  • Declaraciones de impuestos (generalmente de los últimos 3 años)
  • Estados financieros o registros agrícolas
  • Comprobante de propiedad de la tierra o contrato de arrendamiento.
  • Plan de negocio.
  • Certificación orgánica o plan de transición, si corresponde.

Paso 5. Envíe su solicitud.

Las solicitudes pueden presentarse directamente a través de la FSA o, para préstamos garantizados, a través de una institución financiera comercial. Su oficial de préstamos le orientará durante todo el proceso.

Paso 6. De Seguimiento a su solicitud.

Los tiempos de procesamiento varían según el tipo de préstamo. 

Manténgase en comunicación con su oficial de préstamos y responda rapidamente a cualquier solicitud de información adicional.

Toda esta información se resume en un PDF imprimible y descargable a continuación, disponible en inglés y español.

Toda esta información se resume en un PDF imprimible y descargable a continuación, disponible en inglés y español.

By |2026-08-03T10:47:33-04:00June 25th, 2026|Federal Assistance, News, Spanish Resources|

Conservation at Work: Cover Cropping through CSP at Mora Mora Farm

By Clare Boland, Communications Manager

OFRF is currently working to increase farmer and community awareness of the federal funding opportunities available to organic and transitioning farms. As part of our work with the Northwest region of the USDA’s Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP), we’re spotlighting the experience of one farm—Mora Mora Farm in Oregon—that received funding and support through the Natural Resource Conservation Service’s Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP). 

Their story offers a transparent look at what it’s really like to work with NRCS: the benefits, the obstacles, and the lessons they’ve learned. We hope other farmers can use their experience to navigate the process of applying for and implementing CSP contracts more easily.

Meet Mora Mora Farm

Catherine Nguyen bunches greens in a swiss chard field. Source: Emilie Chen

For Catherine Nguyen, a farmer in Troutdale, Oregon, the ethos of her farm is encompassed by the name, Mora Mora Farm, which means “slowly slowly.” After a busy season of farming, Catherine was catching up with a friend who had recently traveled to Madagascar. Her friend shared the phrase “mora mora,” which captured the pace of life there; instead of rushing, there was a culture of patience and contentment, acknowledging that all things take time. The phrase stayed with Catherine, so much so that when she started her own farm in 2018, she used it for the name. “[Farming] is an industry about high production,” Catherine said. “I know my tendency is to go, go, go. The name reminds me to take a moment to slow down.”

True to the sentiment that good things take time, Mora Mora Farm has been steadily growing over the years. Catherine began her farm as part of the East Multnomah Soil and Water Conservation District’s Headwaters Farm Business Incubator, a five-year program that provides land access, equipment, infrastructure, and business support for beginning farmers. After graduating, she moved her farm to a parcel of land being farmed collectively by previous Headwaters graduates. Today, Mora Mora Farm has one and a half acres in production with a diversity of 40 to 60 different crops, including Asian heritage varieties. Catherine considers her community-supported agriculture (CSA) model “the heart of the farm,” but also supplements the farm’s income by vending at the King Farmers Market, restaurant accounts, and nonprofit partnerships.

In May 2024, the farm obtained organic certification through the Transition to Organic Partnership Program (TOPP). “We had been practicing organic since the start,” Catherine shared, but she decided to pursue certification to build trust with the customer base at the Portland Farmers’ Market. To her, organic farming is about “growing healthy food and feeling good about what you’re doing.” 

When it comes to growing her operation, Catherine cites other farmers as her greatest resource. “Everyone is so open and generous with their knowledge,” she said, and when facing specific challenges, “farmers in the region have usually already dealt with what I’m curious about.” A fellow farmer on her land is how Catherine first heard about the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP). CSP is a program administered by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) that compensates agricultural producers committed to increasing conservation on their farms. In 2024, Catherine started a contract to reduce soil compaction on her property through cover cropping.

Why CSP?

Catherine Nguyen tills her field with a BCSSource: Megan Clark

For Catherine, the CSP program presented an opportunity to get financial support for work she was already doing. CSP supports farmers by providing a minimum of $4,000 per year for a 5-year contract to install, maintain, or improve a conservation practice on their farm. One of the requirements of the Headwaters program is that any land that is not in production over the winter must be put in cover crop. “The practice was already instilled in my growing practices,” Catherine shared, but through the CSP program, she was able to get financial and technical support for it. “It’s an incredible program,” she added. “Every farmer wants to be growing food. They also want to be doing good things for the environment. But it’s costly to do both.” CSP helped bridge the gap between generating income and investing in conservation.

She emphasized that the financial component can’t be overstated; in an industry with razor-thin margins, choosing to seed a cover crop rather than another round of cash crop can feel like a “double loss” in the short term. But with CSP, that burden is reduced, making it easier to prioritize the overall health of the land for the long term.

Deciding on a Conservation Practice

After graduating from Headwaters and moving onto a new property, Catherine had to adjust to a new set of challenges. “Technically, I’m on a wetland, which makes water management key to this site.” Catherine has experienced issues like standing water, flooded aisles, and soil-borne diseases on her new land. When approaching NRCS, her primary focus was on determining how to best move water throughout the farm.

As part of the application process, applicants have a one-on-one consultation with an NCRS staff member to discuss resource management on their farm and determine which “enhancement,” or conservation strategy, will work best. After considering a few different strategies, she and her NRCS agent decided on “cover crop to minimize soil compaction (E340F).” Having living roots in soil can help mitigate excess water. “They kind of act as straws to pull water out of the soil and keep it moving,” she explained. Since she had utilized cover crops before, it “felt like an easy step into improving the soil.”

“I remember being surprised when I was looking at the enhancements online,” Catherine shared. “They were so detailed in a good way. It’s like this is the enhancement, and this is how you implement it. It’s very specific. They gave me a list of cover crops to choose from, and from there it was just me trying to decide, which ones do I want? Which ones are readily available in my area?”

Timeline

Catherine first heard about the CSP program in spring 2024 and was able to seed her first round of CSP-funded cover crop in October of that year. The first step was reaching out to her local NRCS office and reviewing her conservation options. After that, farmers need to register with the Farm Service Agency (FSA). Catherine was already in the system from utilizing other USDA programs. Her advice is to register sooner rather than later: “Once you’re in the system for NRCS or for FSA, everything becomes so much easier.”

Next, she worked with her NRCS agent to make sure she had all the required documents to begin her conservation work. Catherine said the biggest myth about working with NRCS is “the amount of paperwork.” “A lot of farmers hate doing admin, but it really is manageable.” She described the timeframe as about “a month of emailing going back and forth.” But after the documentation is complete, farmers can focus fully on farm work.

In terms of implementation, “the contract itself is so simple.” She was given a list of recommended cover crops, a designated amount of acreage, and a timeframe to complete the work by. “There’s not a lot of hoops to jump through,” she said. “[The Program] lets us actually be able to be out in the field and not be consumed by paperwork.” 

NRCS determines the payment amount per project, but after that, it “is up to the farmer to figure out where it gets distributed.” Farmers receive their project payments as lump sums per each tax year of the contract. Outside of purchasing the cover crop seed, Catherine used the CSP payments to cover the labor costs of the project. Having the CSP funds allowed her “a little bit more wiggle room to have my employee do [the work] versus me.”

That fall, an NRCS agent came out to Mora Mora farm to do a site visit and assess how the project was going. Catherine received her first reimbursement payment later that year.

Doing CSP on Leased Land

Accessing farmland is increasingly cited as a barrier for beginning farmers. Young farmers, like Catherine, often will lease land rather than buying. The land she currently farms is shared with several other farm businesses. When Catherine first considered an NRCS contract in 2023, through the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), she wasn’t able to because another farm business was already tied to her land in the system.

When she applied for CSP in 2024, NRCS worked with her to subdivide the plot she farms into three different managing farms in the system. Through the other farms on the property, the land houses multiple NRCS projects, including hedgerows for wind management and high tunnels through EQIP.

>> Related Reading: Héktor Calderón-Victoria of Three Feathers Farm shares his experience working with NRCS’s EQIP to install a hedgerow border and two high tunnels on his four-and-a-half-acre farm in Morgan Hill, California. Read his story.

Outside of the issue of subdividing the property, Catherine has had an easy time implementing her contract on leased land. Besides sharing a lease with NRCS, there are no additional requirements for farmers who lease. “Our landowner is pretty hands-off in terms of the production site,” she shared, “and he is also all for conservation.”

Working with NRCS

Catherine described her experience of working with NRCS as overwhelmingly positive. “Everyone I’ve worked with in the NRCS—and at this point, I’ve probably worked with three separate people—has been so prompt in their responses and really easy to work with,” she said. As an organic farmer, Catherine found that the program generally aligned with her organic certification requirements, though there was some confusion around sourcing organic cover crop seeds. “There was a specific type of clover that’s part of my enhancement that I had a really hard time finding,” but through some back and forth with her agent, she was able to determine a seed that would still meet the requirements of the program and certification.

One hiccup during the process was the 2025 funding freeze of USDA programs. She received an email instructing participants to hold off on implementing their CSP projects unless they could take on the financial risk themselves. During that period of uncertainty, many NRCS offices experienced layoffs, and there was “a weird time of not knowing who my point of contact actually was.” Later that year, funds were released, and Catherine received her reimbursement as planned. Despite staffing changes at NRCS, Catherine noted that the current representative covering Multnomah County has been “amazing,” and she still usually gets a response within 48 hours of emailing her office.

Conversation at Work

Two years into her CSP contract, Catherine has completed two rounds of winter cover cropping. The practice has aided with soil compaction as planned, noting that “where there is cover crop, the water is being absorbed faster.” Without a clear baseline for the property—Catherine has been using a cover crop since she moved to the site—it’s hard to say how significant the enhancement has been. But she has “definitely seen less standing water since I’ve been on the site.” Catherine considers cover cropping “part of a holistic strategy to figure out water management” on her farmland. 

One of the most helpful resources NRCS gave her was a list of cover crops for the project. Having worked on farms in the past, Catherine said that “most farms have their go-to cover crop rotations,” and she had defaulted to using mixes she had previously worked with. Being part of CSP gave her room to experiment and determine what mix works best for her property. Currently, she uses a mix of clover and triticale for her winter rotation. In future seasons, she’s hoping to include a summer cover crop as well. “NRCS was kind of the first entity that put summer cover crops on my radar,” she said, “[working with them] has provided more depth to my crop rotation.”

More than anything, the program has allowed Catherine the time and funding to prioritize cover cropping. Rather than stressing to maximize profit, Catherine said that CSP has “given me a little bit more breathing room, knowing that this project is funded.” Having that comfort has allowed her to commit more fully to the practice, for example, taking extra time to prep her beds to ensure better germination. The experience has led to her putting more of her land into her cover crop rotation. In 2026, she’s planning to “have two acres under management, one in production, one in cover crop.”

“[CSP] allows you to start dreaming a little bit more,” Catherine said. “Cover cropping is a practice I have done before, but I was able to do it better and to think a little bit bigger in terms of conservation.” 

Advice for Farmers Considering CSP

For Catherine, working with CSP has been a big help to her farm. She praises the program for letting “farmers do what they’re good at, which is food production.”

In terms of her advice for farmers considering the program, she shared:

  • Get into the system. Already being registered with her FSA office expedited the process. Once you’re in the system, it “opens the doors to all these other programs.”
  • Start early. “It will likely take 3 to 6 months to actually get everything signed,” Catherine said. “And especially if you’re taking an off-season, you might as well be cozied up in your house doing a bunch of office work.”

Overall, Catherine wants to share with other farmers “how easy it was.” “It takes a little bit of time to get everything squared away and to learn the definitions of things,” she said, “but the payoff for the work is worth it. The return on investment is great.”

Ready to Apply? Here Are a Few Helpful Resources

If you’re a farmer considering applying for CSP or other NRCS programs, here are some helpful tools to get started:
NCRS CSP Mora Mora Farm Flyer cover page

By |2026-06-09T15:35:22-04:00May 11th, 2026|Farmer Stories, Federal Assistance, News|
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